Involvement In Crime

 Many Crimes are not the work of a single person  Legal terms for the different participants  They have different charges brought against them  The charges and sentences can be the same or different for all Definitions

 Person who actually commits the criminal offence  If more than one person involved, they are known as co- perpetrators  Person has to be present at the scene of the offence  Example: two armed robbers rob a bank, one carries the gun, one grabs the cash – co-perpetrators Perpetrator Principal Offender

 Aiding means helping a perpetrator commit a crime  People linked to the crime because they have somehow assisted the perpetrator  Example: the “lookout” person during the bank robbery Aider Party to the Offence

 Abetting means encouraging the perpetrator without actually providing physical assistance  Party must be aware that a criminal action was intended AND must have committed some action that assisted the perpetrator  Example: the driver of the getaway car and the “mapper” who drew up the bank’s floor plan for the robbers Abettor Party to the Offence

 Will be charge with the same offence as the Principal offender and may or may not receive the same punishment Aider and Abettor

 Involves advising, recommending or persuading another person to commit an offence  Example: “insider” who works at the bank and advised the robbers on the best time of day to rob the bank Counselor Party of the Offence

 S/he knew that someone involved in an offence and received, comforted, or assisted that person in escaping from the police  Comfort includes food, clothing or medical assistance  Example: the person who owns the “crash pad” where the robbers go after the holdup Accessory After the Fact

 Charged under a separate section of the criminal code Accessory After the Fact

 Means that the participants in an offence can be charged with all additional crimes even though they were not directly involved in them  Example: Six people hijack a security truck, one of them kills the driver, all six can be charged with murder Party to Common Intention

 David was an admitted trafficker in narcotics. Jackson, a friend who lived in the same apartment building as David, agreed to store 3kg of marijuana in a hollow plastic kitchen stool for him. Jackson did it because he knew that David had a record, whereas he did not, and would be helping David from being detected. The police found the marijuana. Scenario #1

 A policeman was murdered in Montreal by Douglas Perreault. After midnight on the day of the murder, Perreault’s sister, a man named Young, and two others set out for Sheenboro, Ontario to tell Perreault’s mother what had happened. Near Sheenboro, Young and the others met a car containing Douglas and Donald Perreault. They informed the Perreaults that the police were looking for them in connection with the murder, and that the police had not only their names, but also the license plate number of their car. Donald Perreault said it was the first that he had heard of it. Young then offered to hide the two men in his camp in the woods near St. Donat. Scenario #2

 Can you identify the participants of a crime?  Scenario #3