So What Really Caused the American Revolution?  Of the following events, which do you think was most responsible for the outbreak of the American Revolution?  Tea Act  Proclamation Line of 1763  Stamp Act  Coercive/Intolerable Acts  Declaratory Act  Sugar Act  Quartering Act

Discuss with your neighbor… What does it mean to be an adult? When does one become an adult?

Discuss with your neighbor…  Is it appropriate to equate the relationship between England the American colonies to that of a parent and a child? Why or why not?  When considering colonists’ reactions to British Acts and Paine’s argument in Common Sense, what kind of government do you think Americans want?

To Begin…  When considering colonists’ reactions to British Acts and Paine’s argument in Common Sense, what kind of government do you think Americans want?  What study strategies do you use?

How does the Revolutionary War contribute to the development of the American identity? The Revolutionary War

As Revolution Begins  British Strengths  More people  More wealth  Greater naval power  Professional army  Could pay for foreign soldiers  British Weaknesses  Geographical separation  Had to reconquer large amount of land  Poor leadership  Colonial Strengths  Good leadership  Foreign aid  Self-sustaining b/c agriculture  Thought justice was on their side  Colonial Weaknesses  Jealousy  Lacked money  Lacked supplies  Congress had little power  Lacked unity

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As Revolution Begins  Loyalists:  Educated  Wealthy  Anglican  Feared chaos  Patriots:  Young  New England & VA  Congregationalist  Feared oppression  African Americans  Native Americans

11 Loyalist Strongholds 11

Phase I: The Northern Campaign [ ]

Phase II: NY & PA [ ]

15 The Crisis  “These are the times that try men’s souls. The summer soldier and the sunshine patriot will, in crisis, shrink from the service of their country; but he that stands it now, deserves the love and thanks of man and woman...” 15

16  “Tyranny, like hell, is not easily conquered; yet we have this consolation with us, that the harder the conflict, the more glorious the triumph. What we obtain too cheap, we esteem too lightly: it is dearness only that gives every thing its value.” 16

WASHINGTON CROSSING THE DELAWARE FOR TRENTON US Delaware

SURRENDER AT TRENTON Surrender/trenton

Enter the French  Wanted revenge against Britain  Had secretly supplied Americans from beginning  Battle of Saratoga  public support for Americans  Americans promised to join French if ever went to war with Britain  helped expand the Revolution  Continued to provide supplies, troops, and naval support  Incredibly important to outcome of the Battle of Yorktown

Britain’s “Southern Strategy” Britain thought that there were more Loyalists in the South. Southern resources were more valuable/worth preserving. The British win a number of small victories, but cannot pacify the countryside [similar to U. S. failures in Vietnam!]

Phase III: The Southern Strategy [ ]

23 Count de Rochambeau Admiral De Grasse

Treaty of Paris (1783)  Negotiated by Benjamin Franklin, John Adams, John Jay and Henry Laurens  England formally recognized the US  Mississippi River western boundary  States to return property to Loyalists  Will not impede British collection of debts  US fishing rights off coast of Canada  Illustrated the complicated relationships with Britain and France

25 Lessons from the Treaty  Succeed in playing one power against the other  beginnings of American isolationism  Our system, our interests, are distinct from Europe’s.  We shouldn’t get involved in their problems 25

…To End: Mourning or Celebrating One’s opinion of the outcome of the Revolutionary War depended on one’s perspective. With this in mind, please create one of the following:  An obituary that mourns the “passing” of the British colonies in North America  A birth announcement that celebrates the “arrival” of an independent American nation **be creative, really consider “personality” traits**