Greek and Latin Roots

HeliosGreek sun Helios – sun god; also called Apollo or Phaethon Heliotrope – (tropos-turn) –plant which turns toward the sun Helium – light gas used in balloons Heliocentric Theory – theory discovered by Nicholas Copernicus, the sun is the center of the universe Aphelion – (apo-away from) – furthest point from the sun in earth’s orbit Helioscope – (skopeo-look) – telescope for looking at the sun Helicopter – machine that flies close to the sun

Sol Latin sun Solar – pertaining to the sun Solar system – the sun with the objects which revolve around it Solarium – a sun dial; a glass enclosed sun room Solaster – (astron-star) – a star fish with more than five rays; a sun-star fish Parasol – (Italian-parare-to ward off) – a light portable sunshade Solstice – (sisto, statum-set, cause to stand) – stopping or standing still of the sun

LunaLatin moon Lunar – of or pertaining to the moon Lunatic – mad; affected by the moon Lunacy – madness caused by the moon; moonstruck Lunambulist – (ambulo, ambulatum-walk) – one whose sleep walking is supposedly caused by the moon Lunarium – instrument showing the phases and motions of the moon Interlunar – (inter-between) – time between old and new moon when the moon is invisible

Dia Greek through, between, across, apart Diadem – (desmos-bond) – bound across the forehead, a wreath or crown Diagram – (graph-write, draw) – a cross-section drawing Diagonal – (gony-knee) – line between two non- adjacent corners in a figure of four or more sides Diamond – (a-not+damas- tame) – hardest substance Diameter – line across the middle of a circle

TransLatin across, over, beyond, through Transport – (porto, portatum- carry) – carry across Translate – across languages Transcript – (scribo, scriptum – write) – speech put into writing Transfer – (fero, latum – carry) – carry across Transform – (formo, formatum-form, shape) - change over to a different form Transplant – (planta-sprout, plant) – move a plant

GeoGreek earth Geography – (graph-write, draw) – draw the earth (make maps) and write about it Geographer – one who makes maps and writes about it Geology – (logos-word, study) – study of the earth and its formations Geologist – one who studies the formations of the earth’s crust; rocks, minerals, oil, etc Geometry – (metron-measure) – branch of study on ways to measure the earth

TerraLatin land Territory – land under control of a government or owner Terrace – raised platform of earth Terra cotta – (coquo, coctum- cook) – cooked earth, fired clay pottery, tiles Terrarium – garden in a small glass container Terrestrial – pertaining to the earth Extraterrestrial – (extra-outside) – outside the earth’s atmosphere Mediterranean Sea – (medius- middle) – the sea in the middle of the land

Dormio, DormitumLatin sleep Dormant – sleeping Dormant spray – insecticide for plants used in the non growing season Dormitory – place for sleeping Dormer window – bedroom window set into a roof Dormouse – sleeping (hibernating) mouse Dormitive – something that causes sleep Dormition – act of sleeping

HypnosGreek sleep Hypnosis – sleep-like state controlled by a hypnotizer Hypnotize – put into a hypbotic sleep or trance Hypnology – (logos-word, study) – study of sleep Hypnotic – tending to induce sleep Hypnotherapy - (therapeia- treatment) treatment of disease by hypnosis Hypnophobia – (phobos- fear) – fear of sleep

Annus Latin year Annual – yearly Anniversary – (verto, versum-turn) clebration marking the turning of a year Centennial – (centum- hundred) – every hundred years Annals – historical events recorded year by year Annuity – amount of money paid yearly

LithosGreek stone Lithograph – (graph-write, draw) – picture drawn on stone Monolith – (monos-one, alone) – lone stone Megalith – (megas-large) – large stone Paleolithic – (paleo-old, ancient) – ancient stone age after the eolithic era Neolithic – (neo-new) – new or late stone age Eolithic – (eo-dawn) – earliest stone age

PetrosGreek rock, stone Petrified – (facio, factum – make, do) – made into stone Petrifaction – process of making into stone Petroleum – (oleum-olive, olive oil) – oil from rocks Petroglyph – (glyphein- carve) – rock carving Petrography – (graph-write, draw) – writing about rocks Petrous – hard, stone-like, rocky

Astron Greek star Aster – star shaped flower Astronomer – (onoma-name) – one who names stars Asteroid – (eidos-form) – in the form of a star Astrologer – (logos-study, knowledge) – one who gets knowledge from stars Astronaut (nauta-sailor) – star sailor Disaster – (dis-separation or parting from) – separation from the good influence of friendly stars Astral – pertaining to stars (astral navigastion – navigating by the stars) Astrodome – covered stadium where sports stars perform