Muons, Inc. June 9, 2006MICE CM151 6D MANX A Muon Cooling Demonstration Experiment; How it might fit within MICE. Tom Roberts Muons, Inc.

Muons, Inc. June 9, 2006MICE CM152 Muons, Inc. is pursuing new ideas about muon cooling: 1.High pressure gas in RF cavities 2.Emittance exchange in a continuous absorber 3.Continuous absorber in a helical magnetic channel 4.Momentum-dependent helical cooling channel 5.Parametric resonance ionization cooling 6.Reverse emittance exchange 7.Simultaneous muon capture, phase rotation, and cooling 8.High-energy muon bunch coalescing (NF and MC synthesis) 9.Very high field magnetic channels 10.Synergies among refrigeration, a cryogenic absorber, cryogenic magnets, and simultaneous beam and thermal cooling This presentation discusses the genesis of 6D MANX, and how it might fit in with MICE. (Items in green lead to 6D MANX)

Muons, Inc. June 9, 2006MICE CM153 First New Idea: High Pressure Gas in an RF Cavity Measurements show we can achieve high RF gradients with high pressure H 2 gas. Recent measurements show that unlike vacuum cavities, the high gradient shows no significant decrease in a magnetic field up to 3 Tesla (and probably higher) With high-pressure gas in the RF cavities, we started thinking about continuous absorbers….

Muons, Inc. June 9, 2006MICE CM154 Second Idea: Emittance exchange in a continuous absorber In a magnetic field and continuous absorber, there can be emittance exchange that permits longitudinal cooling Ultimately that permits the use of higher- frequency RF, with higher gradients But the real advantage happens in a helical cooling channel….

Muons, Inc. June 9, 2006MICE CM155 Third Idea: The Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) In a HCC, high-momentum particles naturally have longer path lengths, providing emittance exchange in a continuous absorber By adjusting the balance of solenoid and helical fields, the desired ratio of transverse and longitudinal cooling can be varied within rather wide limits Integrated RF cavities keep the momentum ~constant But it is difficult to put large RF cavities inside the helical magnets…. blue=μ + ; red=RF cavities; white=reference The RF cavities are centered along the reference helix. (solenoid and helical magnets not shown, they are outside the RF cavities)

Muons, Inc. June 9, 2006MICE CM156 Fourth Idea: Momentum-Dependent Helical Cooling Channel Omitting the RF cavities, the particles naturally lose energy (momentum) in the continuous absorber Scale the magnetic fields with the momentum loss The result is a considerably less complex system which retains its exceptional cooling properties This is the basic device we want to demonstrate in 6D MANX

Muons, Inc. June 9, 2006MICE CM157 The Helical Cooling Channel (HCC) Magnetic Fields The Helical Dipole and Helical Quadrupole Magnetic Fields. The beam acceptance is 45° into the page, in the light blue circle. Both figures rotate clockwise around the solenoid center as Z increases, thus forming a helix. (This has been extensively analyzed analytically, and there are numerous papers discussing this at Solenoid (Field into the paper)

Muons, Inc. June 9, 2006MICE CM158 A 4-meter LHe HCC has Exceptional Cooling Continuous liquid He absorber Far above equilibrium emittance, so Liquid He is appropriate Transverse cooling factor ~1.5 Longitudinal cooling factor ~1.5 6D cooling factor is 3.8 Maximum field ~5.5 Tesla

Muons, Inc. June 9, 2006MICE CM159 Letter of Intent to propose a SIX-DIMENSIONAL MUON BEAM COOLING EXPERIMENT FOR FERMILAB Ramesh Gupta, Erich Willen Brookhaven National Accelerator Laboratory Charles Ankenbrandt, Emanuela Barzi, Alan Bross, Ivan Gonin, Stephen Geer, Vladimir Kashikhin, Valeri Lebedev, David Neuffer, Milorad Popovic, Vladimir Shiltsev, Alvin Tollestrup, Daniele Turrioni, Victor Yarba, Katsuya Yonehara, Alexander Zlobin Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory Daniel Kaplan, Linda Spentzouris Illinois Institute of Technology Alex Bogacz, Kevin Beard, Yu-Chiu Chao, Yaroslav Derbenev, Robert Rimmer Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility Mohammad Alsharo’a, Mary Anne Cummings, Pierrick Hanlet, Robert Hartline, Rolland Johnson*, Stephen Kahn, Moyses Kuchnir, David Newsham, Kevin Paul, Thomas Roberts Muons, Inc. (Gail Hanson, UCR added since the initial Presentation) [Full text at In early May we submitted a Letter of Intent describing 6D MANX to the Fermilab Director

Muons, Inc. June 9, 2006MICE CM1510 … and then, a Miracle Occurred …  Dr. Oddone jumped in with both feet: –He requested an immediate meeting with Muons, Inc. to discuss it –During the meeting he expressed considerable interest and a willingness to support this effort, suggesting a goal of a Muon Collider with an energy of about 1.5 TeV in the center-of-mass –He disclosed that the DoE has earmarked $5M of Fermilab’s 2007 budget for Advanced Accelerator R&D (AARD), and stated quite strongly that he did not want to lose those funds from the lab –During the meeting he asked his staff to develop an AARD proposal to the DoE to design and build this magnet  And to top it off, we have learned that Fermilab’s “spare” superconductor (from the SSC) might well be sufficient to construct the solenoid part of the HCC magnet

Muons, Inc. June 9, 2006MICE CM1511 …“Be careful what you wish for”…  We now have an extraordinary opportunity to work with Fermilab to obtain the primary and most expensive component of 6D MANX, in the (?) timeframe  To make this happen, we must be very busy this summer: A.Support the writing of Fermilab’s AARD proposal (due ~September) B.Prepare a complete proposal for the 6D MANX experiment –Remarkably, we have Phase I funding to do just that! C.Continue to perform on our already committed program –Including Phase I funding for enhancing G4beamline

Muons, Inc. June 9, 2006MICE CM1512 6D MANX is just like MICE, only different Similar goals… –Demonstrate concepts and technology for muon cooling Similar approach… –Single-particle tracking to demonstrate emittance reduction and validate simulations Similar beam… –Few hundred μ per second, MeV/c Similar needs… –Cryogenics, hall space, magnet power, tracking, PID, DAQ, analysis, …

Muons, Inc. June 9, 2006MICE CM1513 6D MANX is just like MICE, only different Similar, but somewhat different purposes –MICE: demonstrate technology for transverse cooling for a more affordable Neutrino Factory –6D MANX: create a Muon Collider revolution for HEP Energy frontier machine Precision machine Our intent is to use extreme cooling so ILC RF structures can be used Rather different cooling channels Quite different current status –MICE is of course an approved and established experiment All major decisions have been made Engineering has begun, much of it is nearing completion Some construction is imminent –6D MANX is just starting up We need to form a collaboration, put organization in place, etc. We still have major decisions to make Engineering is in its infancy

Muons, Inc. June 9, 2006MICE CM th Guess at a Configuration – 1 Brute force – put a Helical Cooling Channel between the two MICE spectrometers

Muons, Inc. June 9, 2006MICE CM th Guess at a Configuration – 2 This is a simplistic and incomplete configuration: –Orient the HCC so the reference track of the spectrometer enters along the reference helix –No matching was done; the currents for the matching coils were simply left at their MICE Stage VI values –The exit of this particular HCC is not horizontal, so no attempt was made to get into the second spectrometer With a fat beam input to the first spectrometer, 99% of particles that exit the spectrometer also exit the HCC –This merely shows the acceptance of the HCC is larger than the acceptance of the spectrometer We had to start somewhere. But we clearly need to be a lot more sophisticated!

Muons, Inc. June 9, 2006MICE CM1516 More Sophisticated Approaches Our Phase I funding is to solve the matching problem to the HCC, perform initial simulations and design, and begin to prepare a proposal Efforts on the matching problem have just begun –Ideas, programs, proofs of principle exist See Derbenev, Lebedev, Bogacz, Burov,… –There are matching techniques developed for flat beams –Electron cooling in the recycler (solenoid  Quads) A coaxial design appears possible using variations on the MANX idea itself –First approach: turn helical dipole on adiabatically Initial example takes 15 m for 300 MeV/c – clearly needs work!

Muons, Inc. June 9, 2006MICE CM1517 Summary 6D MANX is currently on an exciting trajectory leading toward realization The synergies between 6D MANX and MICE are enormous There are many ways to work together! … Let us discuss how …