1. Jun 13, 2008 Synergy ‘08 MANX, a 6-D Muon Cooling Experiment MACC Muons, Inc. www.muonsinc.com

2. Jun 13, 2008 Synergy ‘08 MANX Collaboration Robert Abrams 1, Mohammad Alsharo’a 1, Charles Ankenbrandt 2, Emanuela Barzi 2, Kevin Beard 3, Alex Bogacz 3, Daniel Broemmelsiek 2, Alan Bross 2, Yu-Chiu Chao 3, Mary Anne Cummings 1, Yaroslav Derbenev 3, Henry Frisch 4, Stephen Geer 2, Ivan Gonin 2, Gail Hanson 5, Martin Hu 2, Andreas Jansson 2*, Rolland Johnson 1*,* Stephen Kahn 1, Daniel Kaplan 6, Vladimir Kashikhin 2, Sergey Korenev 1, Moyses Kuchnir 1, Mike Lamm 2, Valeri Lebedev 2, David Neuffer 2, David Newsham 1, Milorad Popovic 2, Robert Rimmer 3, Thomas Roberts 1, Richard Sah 1, Vladimir Shiltsev 2, Linda Spentzouris 6, Alvin Tollestrup 2, Daniele Turrioni 2, Victor Yarba 2, Katsuya Yonehara 2, Cary Yoshikawa 2, Alexander Zlobin 2 1 Muons, Inc. 2 Fermi National Accelerator Laboratory 3 Thomas Jefferson National Accelerator Facility 4 University of Chicago 5 University of California at Riverside 6 Illinois Institute of Technology http://www.muonsinc.com/tiki-download_file.php?fileId=230

3. Jun 13, 2008 Synergy ‘08 MANX LOI Synopsis The Muon Collider and Neutrino Factory Experiment (MANX) that we will propose involves the construction of an innovative superconducting Helical Solenoidal (HS) magnet that is the major component of a momentum- dependent Helical Cooling Channel (HCC). The HCC will be filled with liquid helium ionization energy absorber, instrumented to measure incident and exiting momenta and trajectories, and placed in a muon beam where its six-dimensional (6D) beam cooling properties will be measured and compared to detailed Monte Carlo simulations. The primary goal of the experiment is to test the physics simulation programs to allow longer and more complex muon cooling channels to be designed and built with confidence. The experiment will also verify important new beam cooling and engineering concepts

4. Jun 13, 2008 Synergy ‘08 MANX Motivations Demonstrate –Longitudinal cooling –6D cooling in continuous absorber –Prototype precooler –Helical Cooling Channel –Engineering concepts to accommodate RF for later demos or cooling channel prototypes –New technology PROS: Avoids H2 safety problems No RF in the MANX HCC CONS: Avoids H2 safety problems No RF in the MANX HCC

5. Jun 13, 2008 Synergy ‘08 Muons, Inc. Background Idea of gaseous energy absorber enables new technology to generate high accelerating gradients for muons by using the high-pressure region of the Paschen curve. Measurements by Muons, Inc. and IIT at FNAL have demonstrated that hydrogen gas suppresses RF breakdown –H2 performs 6 X better than He - gradients high enough to overcome dE/dx energy loss –H2 has better heat capacity, viscosity and IC effectiveness Concept of a cooling channel filled with a continuous homogeneous absorber to provide longitudinal cooling by exploiting the path length correlation with momentum in a magnetic channel with positive dispersion. (HCC) HCC concept can be extended to the case of magnetic fields that change amplitude along the z -axis (the beam direction). For MANX, the beam momentum can change and the conditions for 6D cooling can still be met as a beam slows down in a continuous absorber. Signature story of Muons, Inc. - several new ideas combine

6. Jun 13, 2008 Synergy ‘08  2D Transverse Cooling and  Figure of merit: F cool =L R dE  /ds (4D cooling) for different absorbers Ionization coolingissues  Slope of dE/dx too small for longitudinal cooling if p>300  Reducing p difficult as the slope of dE/dx implies longitudinal heating for p<300.  Can compensate with more complex dispersion function or absorber shape  β ┴ ≈p/B => increasing B means new technology

7. Jun 13, 2008 Synergy ‘08 HCC theory evolution Positive dispersion Dipole  Dipole + Solenoid (+Quad for stability) } Transforming to the frame of the rotating helical dipole leads to a time and z –independent Hamiltonian, can form relation: Manipulate values of parameters to change performance: Equal cooling decrement Longitudinal only cooling decrement

8. Jun 13, 2008 Synergy ‘08 HCC Applications Solenoid + High Pressurized RF Precooler Series of HCCs As a cooling channel (abs+RF): As precooler: absorber, no RF. As a decay channel (no absorber): Some examples of parameter manipulation from the Derbenev-Johnson HCC theory to address specific applications: Nothing designed today will be used exactly as imagined now Muons, Inc. : Nothing designed today will be used exactly as imagined now Stopping muons: decreasing absorber density.

9. Jun 13, 2008 Synergy ‘08 Another HCC: A MANX channel Use Liquid He absorber No RF cavity Length of cooling channel: 3.2 m Length of matching section: 2.4 m Helical pitch k: 1.0 Helical orbit radius: 25 cm Helical period: 1.6 m Transverse cooling: ~1.3 Longitudinal cooling: ~1.3 6D cooling: ~2 G4BL Simulation

10. Jun 13, 2008 Synergy ‘08 MANX HCC Design Evolution Combined function magnets: 1. Layered conductors for individual components 2. Individual coils, offsets create dipole, quad components Outer bandage rings Inner bobbin Superconducting coils (one layer, hard bend wound) 1.“Conventional” 2.“Kashikhin” Can in principle use coil offsets to construct any desired magnetic channel: HCC, matching, etc.

11. Jun 13, 2008 Synergy ‘08 Prototype Coils First HCC coil manufacture..

12. Jun 13, 2008 Synergy ‘08 Correction coils Investigate new correction design (bottom)  Introduce conventional helix conductor but wound them only around beam pipe Field is calculated by using Biot-Savart formula Meet some difficulty to make desired helix field in correction HS design (top) for final cooling section (shorter ) ▪ It cannot make negative b’ RF cell Primary HS Correction HS Solenoid Coil RF cell Obtain desired field Need cooling simulation test Helical conductor Solenoid Coil

13. Jun 13, 2008 Synergy ‘08 Possible MANX configurations August 8, 2007AAC'07 K. Yonehara13 Helix period = 1.2 m Coil length = 0.05 m Gap between coils = 0.01 m Current = -430.0 A/mm 2 (VK ‘s original value= -330.0 A/mm 2 ) Increase gap between coils from 20 mm to 100 mm HCC Matching MANX HCC with MICE trackers and detectors

14. Jun 13, 2008 Synergy ‘08 Feasibility of RF in MANX Starting from the original cooling channel design: Adapting to variations of HCC: Limited longitudinally Limited radially

15. Jun 13, 2008 Synergy ‘08 R & D Toward MANX/HCC Cooling.. Detectors: –Studies at FNAL by for cryo operation of scintillation fibers (M. Hu) –New detector proposals: Multi-Pixel Photon Counters For Particle Detection Systems (new phase I 2008 proposal submitted to DOE SBIR) Fast timing detectors ~ few picosecs resolution with U Chicago RF –MTA beam test is scheduled for High pressure (GH2) RF at FNAL HCC Ring Tests –Supported by FNAL and Muons, Inc. PH II Simulations –Continue studies of HCC optimization –Extension to G4BL for resolutions, systematics and controls studies –“MANX “0 th ” order study MANX with the MICE detectors. –MANX extension to “”G4MICE” for complete reconstruction

16. Jun 13, 2008 Synergy ‘08 MANX Near Future FNAL has put muons on the agenda FNAL MTA beam test is a priority HCC theory is being simulated and refined: –RF studies informing HCC MANX design –New insights into isochronicity (gamma-t) are being investigated and exploited HCC coil tests planned and implemented Serious engineering concerns on MANX HCC being addressed Muons, Inc. has joined MICE – natural collaborators, many similar problems (detectors/trackers/part. I.D./data acq)