Reef Architecture and Zones. Reef Architecture -Structure of a ‘Typical’ Caribbean Reef (Goreau)

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Presentation transcript:

Reef Architecture and Zones

Reef Architecture -Structure of a ‘Typical’ Caribbean Reef (Goreau)

Reef Zones - Inshore Zone This is the area where the water and land meet -we’ll discuss this later

Reef Zones - Lagoon

In Bonaire - Lac lagoon

Reef Zones - Lagoon In Bonaire - Lac lagoon

Reef Zones - Lagoon -area of sediment deposition behind the reef crest - characterized by fine unstable sediment, patch reefs and Thalassia

Reef Zones - Lagoon -area of sediment deposition behind the reef crest - characterized by fine unstable sediment, patch reefs and Thalassia

Reef Zones - Lagoon -area of sediment deposition behind the reef crest - characterized by fine unstable sediment, patch reefs and Thalassia

Reef Zones - Lagoon - common animals -Holothuria mexicana -Pencil urchin

Reef Zones - Lagoon - common animals -Holothuria mexicana -Pencil urchin -Eucidaris

Reef Zones - Lagoon - common plants -Thalassia testudinales -Acetabularia

Reef Zones - Lagoon - common plants -Thalassia testudinum -Acetabularia

Reef Zones - Lagoon - common plants -Thalassia testudinum -Acetabularia -Shaving brush - Penicillus

Reef Zones - Backreef

Near reef crest In backreef Diploria Porites Acropora Millepora

Reef Zones - Backreef Dissipation of Wave Energy wave direction 100% 3%

Reef Zones - Reef Crest

Maximum wave energy

Reef Zones - Reef Crest Dominant Species Acropora cervicornis Millepora complanata

Reef Zones - Forereef

Spur and groove (Buttress) Zone

Reef Zones - Forereef Spur and groove (Buttress) Zone

Reef Zones - Forereef Spur and groove (Buttress) Zone Sediment transport

Reef Zones - Forereef Spur and groove (Buttress) Zone Sediment transport

Reef Zones - Forereef

Reef Zones - Forereef Slope and Deep Forereef 35 m

Reef Zones - Forereef Slope and Deep Forereef

Reef Zones - Reef Wall Reef Wall

Reef Zones - Reef Wall

lagoon backreefreefcrest forereef forereef slope deep forereef and wall

lagoon backreef reefcrest forereef forereef slope deep forereef and wall

Bonaire reefcrest forereef forereef slope deep forereef

Compare all this to the structure of a Pacific Atoll

Coral Reef Zones - Coral Zones

1. Head Corals

Coral Reef Zones - Coral Zones 1. Head Corals -Depths of 5-10 m Montastrea annularis, Montastrea cavernosa, Porites astreoides, Colpophyllia natans and species of Diploria. These corals are massive and usually boulder-like and resistant to storm disturbance

Coral Reef Zones - Coral Zones 2. Acropora palmata Zone

Coral Reef Zones - Coral Zones 2. Acropora palmata Zone -high to moderate energy reefs -weaker than head corals but orients branches to minimize shear forces -faster grower -needs waves to wash sediment off

Coral Reef Zones - Coral Zones 3. Mixed Zone

Coral Reef Zones - Coral Zones 3. Mixed Zone

Coral Reef Zones - Coral Zones 3. Mixed Zone -area on the forereef of most diverse coral growth -lower wave energy but still good light

Coral Reef Zones - Coral Zones 4. Sand Areas

Coral Reef Zones - Coral Zones 4. Sand Areas

Coral Reef Zones - Coral Zones 5. Plate Zone

Coral Reef Zones - Coral Zones 5. Plate Zone -favours growth of plate-like forms of a species or plate-like species to capture most light -corals are more fragile

Typical vs Bonaire reef profile