19 th Century Art for Mrs. Fasano’s World History Classes

Neo-classicism A French art style and movement that originated as a reaction to the Baroque in the mid- eighteenth century, and continued into the middle of the nineteenth century. It sought to revive the ideals of ancient Greek and Roman art. Neoclassic artists used classical forms to express their ideas about courage, sacrifice, and love of country.artstylemovementBaroqueidealsancientGreekRoman artartistsclassicalformsexpress

Jacques-Louis David, The Death of Marat, Oil on Canvas, 1793

Jacques-Louis David (French, ), The Death of Socrates, 1787, oil on canvas, 51 x 77 1/4 inches (129.5 x cm), Metropolitan Museum of Art, NY.The Death of Socratesoilcanvas

Jean-Auguste-Dominique Ingres 1808.Gustave Moreau 1864

Romanticism An art movement and style that flourished in the early nineteenth century. It emphasized the emotions painted in a bold, dramatic manner. Romantic artists rejected the cool reasoning of classicism — the established art of the times — to paint pictures of nature in its untamed state, or other exotic settings filled with dramatic action, often with an emphasis on the past. Classicism was nostalgic too, but Romantics were more emotional, usually melancholic, even melodramatically tragic.art movementstylepainted classicismpicturesnatureemphasis nostalgic PaintingsPaintings by members of the French Romantic school include those by Théodore Géricault (French, ) and Eugène Delacroix (French, ), filled with rich color, energetic brushwork, and dramatic and emotive subject matter. In England the Romantic tradition began with Henry Fuseli (Swiss-English, ) and William Blake ( ), and culminated with Joseph M. W. Turner ( ) and John Constable ( ). The German landscape painter Caspar David Friedrich ( ) produced images of solitary figures placed in lonely settings amidst ruins, cemetaries, frozen, watery, or rocky wastes. And in Spain, Francisco Goya ( ) depicted the horrors of war along with aristocratic portraits. depictedportraits

Eugene Delacroix, Eugene Delacroix, Liberty Leading the People 1830

Francisco Goya: The Third of May, 1808

The Fighting "Temeraire" tugged to her last berth to be broken up 1838;

A group of English artists which formed an association in 1848 to recapture the beauty and simplicity of the medieval world. Their painting style and art movement reacted to the sterility of English art, along with the materialism resulting from England's industrialization. They identified Raphael (Italian, ) with the scientific interests of Renaissance art, which they felt had led to modern technological development. They aimed to study nature, to sympathize with what is direct, serious and heartfelt in earlier art, and to infuse their works with literary symbolism, bright colors, and attention to detail.Englishartistsbeautysimplicitymedievalpaintingstyleart movementmaterialismRenaissancemoderntechnologicalnaturesymbolismcolors detail Pre-raphaelites

Edward Burne-Jones - The Garden of the Hesperides

William Holman Hunt - The Awakening Conscience 1853

John Everett Millais – Ophelia (c) 1851

The Lady of Shalott, JW Waterhouse 1888 – based of the poem by Tennyson

I am half sick of shadows, said the Lady of Shalott JW Waterhouse 1916

Realism (with an upper case "R"), also known as the Realist school, denotes a mid-nineteenth century art movement and style in which artists discarded the formulas of Neoclassicism and the theatrical drama of Romanticism to paint familiar scenes and events as they actually looked. Typically it involved some sort of sociopolitical or moral message, in the depiction of ugly or commonplace subjects.art movementstyleartistsNeoclassicismtheatrical Romanticismpaint depictionuglysubjects Realism sought to portray real and typical contemporary people and situations with truth and accuracy, and not avoiding unpleasant or sordid aspects of life. Realist works depicted people of all classes in situations that arise in ordinary life, and often reflected the changes wrought by the Industrial and Commercial Revolutions. IndustrialCommercial Revolutions Realism

Gustave Courbet, The Desperate Man – Self Portrait,

Gustave Caillebotte, Planing the Floor 1875

Third Class Carriage Honore Daumier

Jean-François Millet – Gleaners, 1857

Impressionism An art movement and style of painting that started in France during the 1860s. Impressionist artists tried to paint candid glimpses of their subjects showing the effects of sunlight on things at different times of day. The leaders of this movement were: Claude Monet, Pierre Auguste Renoir, Camille Pissarro, Alfred Sisley, Berthe Morisot, and Frederic Bazille Mary Cassatt, Edgar Degas, Edouard Manet, Paul Cezanne,art movementstylepaintingpaintsubjects movement

Claude Monet

A Woman Ironing Edgar Degas