Several examples of passive acoustics contribution to biodiversity study C. Gervaise, J. Bonnel, ENSIETA Y. Stephan, SHOM C. Ioana, GIPSA-Lab

Main ideas Our experience of passive acoustics contribution for biodiversity study In North East Atlantic Ocean, the English Channel and in Saint Lawrence River Some ideas to keep for Mediterranean Sea? Some solution for EMSO-LIGURE (Equipex) ?

ENSIETA ENSIETA (Ecole Nationale Superieur d’Ingénieurs des Etudes et Techniques de l’Armement), a french superior Engineering school depending on Defense ministry, 600 students, a third are officiers the others are civilians, A staff of 150 peoples, 60 are involved in researches in 4 laboratories, – MSN : Mechanics of naval structures, – E3I2 : Signal processing and information merging, – SHI : Humanities for Engineers, – DTN : Development of New Technologies Informatics & Electronics, Oceanic & hydrographic observatory systems - Gliders - Passive underwater acoustics monitoring Pour modifier le titre cliquez sur masque de diapositive - 19/02/

Does listening sounds produced by sources of opportunity carry new information about marine environment ? How to exploit theses sounds ? PAM Passive Acoustics Monitoring – research topic

Our investigation sites and partners Rail d’Ouessant 160 ships /day 30 common bottlenose dolphins Benthos in higly anthropogenic area Saguenay – Saint Lawrence Marine Park, Beluga, Whale Watching Saint Lawrence 4000 ships / semester Blue, fin, humpback whales SHOM IUEM PNMI AAMP UQAR/ISMER MPO 400 common dolphins, At-sea wind turbines, Marine current power. GECC DREAL Agence de l’eau

Example 1 : can we use passive acoustics to study marine mammals close to a noisy navigation road? Example 2: passive acoustics for benthos ethology – biological sentry point of view Example 3 : Impact of human activity (Whale Watching) over the Beluga population in Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park

Example 1 : can we use passive acoustics to study marine mammals close to a noisy navigation road? September to October 2009 Continuous recording (fe=32kHz, 16 bit)s

Example 1 : can we use passive acoustics to study marine mammals close to a noisy navigation road?

Simple metric extraction : % of time with vocalizations over a reference time period Example 1 : can we use passive acoustics to study marine mammals close to a noisy navigation road?

Example 2: passive acoustics for benthos ethology – biological sentry point of view Example 3 : Impact of human activity (Whale Watching) over the Beluga population in Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park

Example 2: passive acoustics for benthos ethology – biological sentry point of view Seashore ambiant noise contains benthos production Some benthic organisms can be biological records of environmental conditions Can we monitor benthos behaviour just by listening to it? Is it possible to understand the link between its behaviour and the environmental conditions ? - emphasis on the biological sentry concept - emphasis on the biological records exploitation

Sounds are produced when the shell open or close => breathing Example 2: passive acoustics for benthos ethology – biological sentry point of view

Breathing can be heard up to one meter away  Good potentiality for scallop ethology (collaboration with IUEM in 2011)  Some impulsive sounds have been localized in very shallow using multipath methods, some sources where more than 200~m away.... What species is it? Do we have another biological sentry? dB => R max ~ 80 cm Example 2: passive acoustics for benthos ethology – biological sentry point of view

Example 1 : can we use passive acoustics to study marine mammals close to a noisy navigation road? Example 2: passive acoustics for benthos ethology – biological sentry point of view Example 3 : Impact of human activity (Whale Watching) over the Beluga population in Saguenay– St. Lawrence Marine Park

Example 3 : Impact of Whale Watching over the Beluga population in Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park Acoustical observation in 4 points, continous recording thanks to a cabled observatory May-June 2009

SourcesPeriod of the day (h) and h30-16h30 a FerriesNo.1123 No. of transits h x 25 x 2 Noise level [1-20 kHz] Whale-watching tours departure and arrivals times b -- 9, 12, 13, 15h30, 16h30, 18- Total noise level [1-20 kHz] Natural ambient Noise level [1-20 kHz]95.9 St. Lawrence Marine Park is a good site to evaluate human contribution in ambiant noise as its temporal repartition shows 3 distinct phases : - night : no ship traffic - day at fixed hours and location : ferry traffic - day at random hours and location : Whale Watching activity Example 3 : Impact of Whale Watching over the Beluga population in Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park

Statistical analysis over the full database : 2 months of continuous recording, 4 hydrophones

floor recorded noise Estimated hourly mean noise budget Réduction (%) of beluga call ranges only ferry recorded noise ferry noise Example 3 : Impact of Whale Watching over the Beluga population in Saguenay–St. Lawrence Marine Park Statistical analysis over the full database : 2 months of continuous recording, 4 hydrophones

Passive acoustics observatory projects 3 years of observation in rail d’Ouessant – AIS, 2 hydrophones (SHOM, ENSIETA) Cabled observatory creation in really coastal Iroise sea, Projet INTERREG IV Manche, (Ifremer, ENSIETA, Plymouth Marine Laboratory & University), objective : 1 year of continuous observation in 2011 Submission with INSU, INEE et Ifremer of the équipex ‘EMSO- LIGURE’, installation of 8 hydrophones : – Raw data measurment and transmission to scientific community using IP – Real time ENSIETA algorithm implementation – Open structure allowing implementation of any algorithms