1. Ships and Whales: Stellwagen Bank National Marine Sanctuary as a Case Study for Regional Characterization and Management of Underwater Noise. Leila Hatch, Ph D SBNMS/NOS/NOAA SBNMS/NOS/NOAA US National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration

2. Human Commerce is Noisy Chronic Background Noise ( i.e. Commercial Shipping) Fin whale song Clark, Ellison, Southall, Hatch, Van Parijs, Frankel, Ponirakis, (2009) Marine Ecology Progress Series NO SHIPPING: GULF OF CALIFORNIA HEAVY SHIPPING: MEDITERRANEAN SEA 24 hours in two fin whale acoustic habitats

3. Background Noise: Long Term Trends North Pacific Ambient Noise at 40 Hz Shipping noise has increased ~3 dB/decade Modified from McDonald et al. (2006)

4. MASKING Figures: B. Southall, US NOAA & C. Clark, Cornell University  Frequency overlap between marine animal communication and shipping noise  Predicted reduction in a blue whale’s communication range between ~1950 & today

5. Here we are Stellwagen Bank NMS 638 square nm 2,188 square km Boston Cape Ann Cape Cod Atlantic Ocean Stellwagen Bank MASSACHUSETTS

6. Baleen Whales 1970-2005 NOAA – NCCOS (Figure excerpted from Pittman et al., 2006) SBNMS

8. Ship Strike Approximate Distribution of Ship Struck Baleen Whales along the Eastern Seaboard of the U.S Locations inferred from Jensen & Silber 2003 SBNMS

9. % Total Time Spent by AIS Vessels in Sanctuary Cruise/ Passenger n=87 Containers & Tankers n=306 Service & Research n=31 Tugs &Barges n=113 Shipping Noise: Variation in Space and Time TankersContainersTugs & Barges Cruise/PassengerService & ResearchALL Hatch, Clark, Merrick, Van Parijs, Ponirakis, Schwehr, Thompson & Wiley (2008) Environmental Management

10. Shipping Noise: Variation in Frequency and Amplitude Acoustic Propagation Modeling Bottom- Mounted Acoustic Recording Units AIS Ship Tracks Ship Noise Profile: LNG vessel Ship Noise Profile: Research Vessel

11. Received sound levels (71-224 Hz, dB re 1µPa) during a time with one distant (left) versus three central (right) AIS-tracked commercial ships. Clark, Hatch, VanParijs, Ponirakis and Frankel (in prep)

12.  NOAA-led US submission to the IMO’s Marine Environmental Protection Committee (MEPC)  Accepted by member nations in October 2008  Creation of MEPC Correspondence Group tasked with developing guidelines to quiet commercial ships  US (NOAA) chaired  50+ nation/org participants