An explanation of new EEC & British standards for terrorist CBRNe events

CEN WA 43 AND 44 EUROPEAN DIRECTIVES FOR DEFENCE & PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS & VICTIMS FROM TERRORIST CBRN EVENT 2

The Hazard Toxic atmospheres Fire and smoke Explosion (dust) Terrorism CBRN Pandemic Industrial accident 3

The risk Current focus on victim support No current protection for victims No protection for potential victims Emergency services will be overloaded Loss of citizen confidence post 1 st event 4

The threat Terrorism with us for 2 generations Only a matter of time for dirty bomb All business have fire alarms and procedures Buncefield Chernobyl Bhopal Asbestos dust in most pre 1999 buildings Travel issues 5

Vulnerability assessment 73% of fire victims die from smoke inhalation 3 breaths of smoke unconscious 53% of 9/11 victims have new lung problems 11% of 9/11 victims suffered eye injury It was illegal to issue PPE to potential victims 6

Government awareness Go in Stay in Tune in Fire services equipped with decontamination Temporary mortuaries enlisted Freezer lorries engaged Power stations and waste disposal crematorium 200,000 body bags purchased 8000 police trained in terrorism CBRN response 7

Victim protection Lungs filled with contamination can’t be washed 8 Wearing a protective hood through toxic atmosphere during evacuation is part of the new EEC new guidelines and standards CEN WA 43

Gap analysis No time to assess hazards or risk Victims use is not occupational No time for training or fit testing Cost and storage issues Required to travel from “Hot Zone” to safety Rule strip and wash ignores lungs 9

The problem Potential victims not protected Illegal to issue protection PPE 2002 regs PPE regulations for occupational use only Victims could never be protected All resources on helping the victim No planning to protect the victim In an emergency you have no time to make assessments 10

European Solutions 2010 New Guidelines & Standards CEN WA Adopted by BSI Duty holders identified Standards of protection recommended Victims and potential victims protected Initial responders protected 11

Duty Holders Employers Facility and Security managers Venue and large public issues Travel & passenger safety Visitors and trespassers 12

Standards BSI British Standards Institute OSHA Occupational health & safety administration ISO ISO/TC 223 Jan 2006 investigating CEN European Committee standardisation 13

Respirator fit testing Cannot be worn with beard, spectacles Leaks with beard growth Leaks when speaking or moving Leaks at perimeter seal due to filter efficiency Better filtration increases leakage 14

StandardDescriptionFilter classNPF EN149Filtering face pieceFFP1 FFP2 FFP EN140Half maskP1 P2 P3 Gas EN136Full face maskP2 P3 Gas CEN WA 43PM750P3 Gas

Live saving performance 16 EN136 respirator NPF of 1000 PM750 escape hood NPF of 1000

Filter efficiency Challenge level (CFU) Total CFU recovered Filtration efficiency 6.9x10 6 0> % Data provided by Nelson laboratories USA Challenge level (PFU) Total PFU recovered Filtration efficiency 4.2 x10 6 0> % 17

Breathing resistance Resistance to inhalation does not exceed 15 mm water at air flow rate of 30 liters per minute. Resistance to exhalation does not exceed 5 mm water at air flow rate of 30 liters per minute. 18

Accumulation of CO 2 After 10 minutes of use, accumulation of Carbon Dioxide does not exceed 3% above the average human concentration of any wearer without the mask. (NIOSH Statement of Standard for CBRN Respirator, September 30, 2003, paragraph requirements). The CO 2 data recorded for the last 5 minutes took into account the last 5 breaths, that were mathematically compared to the CO 2 accumulation found on the subject tested prior to use of the mask. 19

Respirator fit Different sizes Fit testing requirement Training requirement Maintenance requirement Inspection training requirement Filter choices 20

New EEC recognised PM 750 One size will fit 90% of the population over the age of 6 years, from 5% of the lower level, up to 95% of the higher level. The twin seal around the neck provides the single point diametrical closure. 21

Communications Frontal communication – the mask does not hamper quality of visibility more than 70%. The requirement is for movement of the head sideways and upwards and downwards. Verbal communication – speaking and hearing – for a distance of 2 meters between two users. The use of cellular telephone is possible whilst wearing the mask. 22

No training required PM750 requires  No fit testing  No maintenance  No training in Don or Doff  No inspection requirements  No Record keeping 23

Categories of Stakeholder CategoryCategory of responder DescriptionDuty 1Duty HolderSecurity -facility manager Short time at scene to raise alarm training required. WA 44 2Initial responderSecurity –first aid- ambulance-police Initial reconnaissance or rescue. Trained WA 44 3Professional responder Directing initial operations Trained in sophisticated equipment 4Emergency services Prolonged time at scene No mitigation suitable PPE and training required 5Victim and potential victim Visitor to building or venue occupant Protect themselves by reducing further exposure 24

Time at scene Category Time at scene and duties minutes warm zone minutes warm zone arrives at onset of event probable contact with casualties 330 minutes Hot Zone 1 -2 hours warm zone arrives 15 minutes +after incident 43 hours warm zone arrives +15 minutes after incident 515 minutes or site specific requirements assessed by duty holders 25

Standards of protection Personnel category Minimum NPF* PPE typeapplication Duty holder500PAPR BS8486 EN397 PM750** 5-15 minutes warm zone Professional responder 10,000SCBA or closed circuit breathing apparatus 30 minutes Hot Zone. 1-2 hours warm zone Emergency services 1000Full face mask EN filter PM750** 3 hour warm zone Clean up work Depends on assessments SCBA -PAPR -Full face-CCBA Risk assessments required Victim50Mask Escape Hood BS 8468 PM750** 15 minutes protection in warm zone depending on hazard * Nominal Protection Factor ** Hazmat Hood specification 26

Hazard assessments HazardAssessmentsTypical Response Fire & smokePlanned response Evacuation ExplosionPlanned responseShelter in Place CBRNCEN WA 44Victim or potential victim Industrial accidentCEN WA 44Victim or potential victim 27

CEN WA 44 Training Selection & use of PPE in CBRNe incidents CBRN threats and hazards Decontamination of personnel Evacuation considerations Interaction with Emergency Services Shelter in Place issues Resilience 28

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