Argentina  General information about Argentina  Brief History since Her beginnings Society and Government Important socio-historical figures Economic conditions  Government and territorial system  Natural and urban landscape of the provinces  Some Argentine traditions  Recap and discussion

Some aspects of Argentine Spanish We use “vos” as our second singular person (instead of tú); it has specific conjugations y accents: Examples: simple present Ser (be): vos sosTener (have): vos tenés Hablar (talk): vos hablás Salir (leave): vos salís Preterite: use of the conjugación for“tú” Ser: vos fuisteTener: vos tuviste Imperative: venir: (vos) vení; salir: (vos) salí; hacer: (vos) hacé, escribir: (vos) escribí; etc. Pronunciation of “y” y “ll” followed by a vowel → “sh”: Example: yo me llamo, ayuda, ellas se callan.

The Argentine Republic in the world Location: the southernmost part of South America, top 8º biggest country in the world

Denomination and National symbol Name origin: Latin “argentum” National Flag

Argentina in prehistory There are traces that show that attest to the richness of the pre-historical period.

Pre-Columbian Argentina The territory was inhabited by numerous tribes who are now called the Native Peoples: the mapuches, diaguitas, tehuelches, guaranies, tobas, among others. The Natives from the north built in elevated places called pucarás.

The Spanish Conquest From the first explorations around 1502; first fort: 1527; foundation of the first town: 1536

The conquerors and the natives The Jesuitical missions by the Franciscans, Dominicans y Mercedarians. They preached the Gospel to the natives

Trivia  What is a Pucará for the ancient natives of Argentina? 1.A tribe 2.A national symbol 3.An elevated construction 4.A activity for subsistence

 What did the Jesuits do in the Argentine period of conquest? 1.They killed the natives 2.They preached to the natives 3.They made them build churches 4.They fed the natives

The conformation of a new identity : the gaucho Inhabitants of the Pampas (great plains) and other rural areas, they are a symbol of life before the May Revolution.

The importance of the gaucho Awareness of the need of autonomy and fight for independence; development of a livestock economy; birth of a new national culture.

25 th of May,1810: conformation of the first national government The first Argentine Governing Board was created as a response to the unstable situation of Spain during the Napoleonic Wars so that marked the beginning of the fight for independence.

Declaration of Independence On July 9,1816 the Declaration of Independence was signed in Tucuman

The Conquest of the desert The “problems with the natives” resulted in extreme military measures during 1800’s.

2º Trivia  What is the most important role of the gauchos in Argentina? 1.They were good agriculturists. 2.They fought against the natives. 3.They lived in the Pampas 4.They participated in the fight for Independence

 How did Argentine presidents deal with the natives in the 1800’s? 1.Violent military campaigns 2.They bought their lands 3. They lived in peace with them 4.They put them in reservations

Presidency of Juan Domingo Perón Importance: labor policy and domestic development; birth of welfare state

Evita Eva Duarte de Perón is one of the most popular and influential Argentine women

Evita’s work As the First Lady, she had a very important role in social policy, vote for women, and work of charity

Government system Branches: executive, legislative and judicial

Political and territorial organization 23 provinces and a Federal Capital, Buenos Aires

3º Trivia  Which of the following items is NOT related to Evita’s? 1.Women’s vote 2.Movie Actress 3.Charity work 4.Tango singer

 How many provinces are there in Argentina? 1.There are provinces and a Federal Capital 3. There are 22 provinces 4.There are no provinces

The Argentine provinces Because of the great territorial extension, the landscape, weather, and population differ a lot. The territory is divided into many geographic areas.

The north of the country is a mountainous area. The province of Jujuy is in the northwest; there are mountains, valleys, and hills. The capital city is San Salvador de Jujuy.

In the northeast we have the “Chaco” and the jungle. In the province of Misiones, we have the Iguazú Falls, one of the biggest in the world. Tropical weather.

In the east, we have the Argentine Litoral. It’ s a region of rivers, palm trees, and good weather.

In the center we have the great Pampas. Land of livestock, agriculture, and a lot of production. The weather is propitious and usually windy.

The west is the home of the Andes In the region called Cuyo, wine is produced and there’s a lot of tourism. The tallest mountain in America, the Aconcagua, is there. The four seasons are very distinctive.

Patagonia is in the south. The landscape is beautiful. It’s colder and the winters are tougher. There are many ski resorts. There are many glaciers and lakes.

Furthest south is Ushuaia It’s the southernmost city in the world. It’s also the land of the penguins

The Atlantic coast Great for the summer. Mar del Plata is very popular.

Urban zones Buenos Aires, Córdoba and Bariloche are centers of bigger population.

4º Trivia  What are the main economic activities in the Pampas? 1.Tourism 2.Fishing and navigation 3.Agriculture and livestock 4.Metallurgic and oil industry

 What is the southernmost city in the world? 1.Ushuaia 2.Córdoba 3. Bariloche 4.Buenos Aires

Argentines Soccer is the most popular sport. People go to the games and celebrate. The biggest soccer teams rivals are Boca and River.

Other popular sports Basketball, rugby, tennis, and hockey are becoming very popular too.

Diversion: nighclubs, tango and chacarera Argentinians are very sociable and love to have fun.

Argentine food Argentinians like beef. It’s very good. We usually get together to eat asado.

Another “passtime”: the Mate The Mate is a hot drink that can be drunk at any time of the day.

Mate is for sharing with family and friends The mate is a good occasion for talking and also study.

Some famous Argentine figures Jorge Luis Borges, el “Che” Guevara, Diego Maradona.

5º Trivia  What are the most popular sports in Argentina? 1.Soccer, baseball and tennis 2.Rugby, soccer and lacrosse 3.Soccer, basketball and rugby 4.Polo, soccer, and tennis

doesn’t  Which of these items doesn’t belong to Argentina? 1.Go to the nightclubs to dance tango and chacarera 2.Go the beach and drink coco juice. 3.Get together and drink mate 4.Eat asado for a special occasion.

Thank you! from Victor Zabala Small talk