Department of Mathematics and Science Big Idea 9: Changes in Matter Grade 5 Topic VI Physical and Chemical Changes in Matter Mary Tweedy, Curriculum Support Specialist – Science Keisha Kidd, Curriculum Support Specialist – Science Dr. Millard Lightburn, Instructional Supervisor Department of Mathematics and Science

Topic VI: Physical and Chemical Changes in Matter Benchmarks SC.5.P.9.1 Investigate and describe that many physical and chemical changes are affected by temperature. SC.5.N.1.1 Define a problem, use appropriate reference materials to support scientific understanding, plan and carry out scientific investigations of various types such as: systematic observations, experiments requiring the identification of variables, collecting and organizing data, interpreting data in charts, tables, and graphics, analyze information, make predictions, and defend conclusions. SC.5.N.2.1 Recognize and explain that science is grounded in empirical observations that are testable; explanation must always be linked with evidence. LACC.5.SL.1.1 Engage effectively in a range of collaborative discussions (one- on-one, in groups, and teacher-led) with diverse partners on grade 5 topics and texts, building on others’ ideas and expressing their own clearly.

Department of Mathematics and Science Look at a cube of sugar. What are its physical properties? It’s white. It’s shape is a cube. It smells sweet. It’s made of sugar crystals. If you crush it, it will still be sugar. What was changed? Only it’s shape. It is still made up of sweet, sugar crystals. Matter has physical properties that can be observed without changing the type of matter. Matter can also change in ways that do not affect the type of matter. These changes are called physical changes. All Matter has Properties, but Matter also undergoes Changes

Department of Mathematics and Science How did you change it? FoldingBending TearingCutting Crumpling Why are the changes that you all made to the paper just physical changes? The paper is still paper. You can unfold it. Take a piece of paper and change it in some way

Department of Mathematics and Science Matter has other properties that cannot be observed without changing its identity What will happen if I hold a lit match to a piece of paper? Yes, the paper will burn. Observe as I demonstrate lighting a piece of paper with a match. What happened to the paper? The paper changes into ash and smoke. (The smoke is carbon dioxide gas, and water vapor.) What kind of change is burning paper? During a chemical change, substances react and form new substances. Did this happen? Yes, burning is a chemical change.

Department of Mathematics and Science Compare and Contrast Property Changes Property Changes Physical Change Chemical Changes  A physical change is a change in the physical properties of matter. The matter changed in how it looks, but what it is made out of does not change.  A change that takes place when a substance changes in size, shape or form. The particles of matter do not change.  A chemical change is a change in the chemical properties of matter. A chemical change occurs when two or more kinds of matter combine to form a new substance with different properties.  A change that takes place when a substance is completely altered. The particles of matter do change.

Department of Mathematics and Science More on Physical Changes What is happening to the ice cubes? They’re melting. If you add enough heat energy to ice, it turns into liquid water, then it turns into a gas called water vapor. If you cool the substance, by taking away heat energy, you can reverse these changes. You can change a gas into a liquid and a liquid into a solid. What type of change is this? Changing from one state to another state is an example of a physical change.

Department of Mathematics and Science Physical change is often due to a change in temperature How does heat affect physical changes? Some types of matter change state when enough heat is added to it (melting) or taken away from it (freezing*). What are some examples of each? *Water freezes at 0 ̊ Celsius or 32 ̊ Fahrenheit

Department of Mathematics and Science Water changes to steam, a gas, when it is heated to its boiling point*, as water vapor cools it condenses back to form a liquid *Water boils at 100 ̊ Celsius or 212 ̊ Fahrenheit States of Water Click on the pan of water to watch an interactive simulation.

Department of Mathematics and Science What are some Different Ways that Matter Changes Physically? Crushing Folding Bending Tearing Cutting Crumbling Sanding Smashing Peeling Melting * Freezing * * A process in which a type of matter changes state when enough heat is added to it (melting) or taken away from it (freezing).

Department of Mathematics and Science Making Cookies Imagine that you and your mom are making cookies. You mix all the ingredients together in a bowl. Next you spoon out cookie dough onto a baking sheet. Then you place the sheet in a hot oven to bake. The change that turns the dough into a cookie is called a _____________. Yes, a chemical change Chemical changes are also called reactions. Why?

Department of Mathematics and Science Chemical Changes Chemical changes produce new substances that have different properties than the original substances. What are some examples of chemical changes? Burning Rusting Cooking and baking

Department of Mathematics and Science Change: Physical or Chemical? Demonstration Lab –Essential question What type of change was observed? –Materials: vinegar, baking soda, empty water bottle, balloon, graduated cylinder, funnel, 5 mL spoon –Procedures: 1.Place a funnel into the opening of a balloon. 2.Measure 5 mL of baking soda and pour it into the funnel that is attached to the balloon. 3.Measure 30 mL of vinegar and pour it into the bottle. 4.Attach the balloon keeping the bottom of the balloon with the baking soda to the side. 5.Lift up the balloon slowly and carefully and allow the baking soda to move down the bottle mixing with the vinegar. 6.Observe with your 4 senses (see, hear, smell and feel). Write an observation summary in your science notebooks of what you have just observed, what type of reaction occurred, and why.

Department of Mathematics and Science What are some signs of a chemical change that can be seen? Signs or clues can include: Change in odor Change in color Change in taste Change in mass Forming bubbles (giving off a gas) Giving off smoke Giving off light

Department of Mathematics and Science Physical & Chemical Changes of Matter Essential Lab 2 Physical and Chemical Changes-Martian Fuel (Student) Essential Lab 2 Physical and Chemical Changes-Martian Fuel (Teacher) Physical and Chemical Changes: Martian Fuel Introduction: Imagine that we are the first group of astronauts to land on Mars. Our space ship’s fuel tanks were lost during landing. Some friendly Martians have offered to help us make fuel. However, Mars doesn’t have the ingredients to make the type of fuel that is used on Earth. The Martians have told us that none of the substances that we have on our ship right now can be used as rocket fuel, but we might be able to fuel the rocket by creating an entirely new substance from supplies we already have. All that we have to work with are some supplies from our ship’s first-aid kit and food stores, including antacid, baking soda, lemon juice, vinegar, milk, Kool-Aid powder, ice, and Play-doh.

Department of Mathematics and Science Chemical changes change the chemical nature and properties of substances to form new substances What are some examples of chemical properties? Corrosion of metal—when iron combines with oxygen in the air, rust forms Gas bubbles— Baking soda combines with vinegar, carbon dioxide forms A change in color (browning of fruit - decay) – an apple is peeled and reaction with oxygen in the air

Department of Mathematics and Science More on Chemical Changes Chemical changes can happen quickly or slowly. Chemical changes to matter can be produced by heating. Light energy can produce a chemical change in some materials. Sometimes when two substances combine, energy is released. Chemical changes are often difficult to reverse.

Department of Mathematics and Science Review 1. What is a chemical change? Answer: A chemical change produces substances that have new properties. 2. How is a chemical change different than a physical change? Answer: A physical change does not produce new substances like a chemical change does. It only changes physical properties. 3. How is heat involved in chemical changes? Answer: Sometimes heating can cause chemical changes. Sometimes chemical changes give off heat. 4. How is heat involved in physical changes? Answer: Sometimes adding heat to matter can change its state - when enough heat is added to it can cause melting or if heat is taken away it can cause freezing of the matter.

Department of Mathematics and Science Quiz: Decide if each example is a physical or chemical change Physical or Chemical Water boiling into steam 2.An ice cream melting 3.A bicycle rusting in the rain 4.A banana turning brown 5.Tearing paper into pieces 6.A candle wick burning 7.Water freezing into ice 8.A carton of milk going sour 9.A loaf of bread cut into slices 10.Burning toast in the toaster Example of Change

Department of Mathematics and Science Physical and Chemical Change Resources: Free Brain POP: Matter Changing Property Changes Scholastic Study Jams: Physical & Chemical Changes of Matter CHEM4KIDS: Changing States of Matter Chemical Reactions PBS Learning Media: Discovery Education Science Content: Exploration: Chemical ChangesChemical Changes Reading Passage: Keep it in the DarkKeep it in the Dark Video: Chemical ChangesChemical Changes Video: Chemical ReactionsChemical Reactions

Department of Mathematics and Science Teacher Resource Teaching Channel: 5E’s grade 5 science lesson video on teaching chemical and physical changes: