relationship emerges (Carolyn Steel, Hungry City, p. ix) Jonathan Crush Balsillie School of International Affairs, Waterloo, Canada 1 HUNGRY CITIES PARTNERSHIP

2 "Food and cities are so fundamental to our everyday lives that they are almost too big to see. Yet if you put them together, a remarkable relationship emerges” (Carolyn Steel, Hungry City) Project focus on the linkages between rapid urbanization, food insecurity, poverty and informal entrepreneurship in cities of Global South

Outline of Presentation 1. Context and Background 2. The Hungry Cities Partners 3. Research Program 4. Capacity-Building 5. Knowledge Mobilization 3

History of New Global Partnership Conference in Cape Town, November 2012 Successful Letter of Intent in 2013 Proposal developed with SSHRC Grant. Partners Workshop, BSIA, September Proposal Submitted October Official Notice of Award May IPaSS Partners Workshop, Ottawa, October 2014 Launch and Inception Workshop at BSIA, Waterloo, December

3. Research Program Context: Second Urban Transition in Global South 5

Rates of Urbanization by Region 6

Goal of Project To examine the levels and determinants of all four dimensions of food security (viz. availability, access, utilization and stability) in a range of large cities across the Global South and the relationships between rapid urbanization, food insecurity, informality and economic growth 7

Hungry Cities Partners: Location

Cape Town, South Africa: African Centre for Cities, UCT 9

Chennai, India: M S Swaminathan Research Foundation 10

Kingston, Jamaica: University of the West Indies, Mona Campus 11

Maputo, Mozambique: Centre for Policy Analysis, Eduardo Mondlane University, Maputo, Mozambique 12

Nairobi, Kenya: African Population and Health Research Centre 13

Nanjing, China: School of Geographic and Oceanographic Sciences, Nanjing University, 14

Mexico City: Centro de Investigaciones sobre América del Norte, Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México (CISAN-UNAM) 15

Research Program 2015 Rapid Urbanization, Food Insecurity and Inclusive Growth the dimensions, drivers and trajectories of urbanization and the informal economy in the seven partner cities using census data, household and labour force survey data sets, satellite mapping, and scoping of secondary and grey literature; levels and determinants of food insecurity in case study cities and city-regions at the household level and their relationship to formal and informal employment and income-generating activities opportunities using representative household- level survey and electronic data-gathering; 16

2016 Reshaping Informal Food Systems through Inclusive Growth the organization, structure, ownership, financing, employment and entrepreneurial and innovation strategies of small enterprises in the urban informal food economy; the geography of small food enterprise location in relation to markets, competitors, consumers and transport infrastructure; the patronage patterns of the informal food economy by poor urban consumers and the formulation of new and innovative strategies by small firms based on consumer behaviour; the nature and impact of the regulatory environment governing the informal food economy in different contexts and how policies targeting the urban informal food sector might provide greater opportunities for entrepreneurship, innovation, equality of opportunity and benefits for women, female-headed businesses and youthful entrepreneurs. 17

2017 Youth Entrepreneurship in the Informal Food Economy levels and types of employment and entrepreneurial activity undertaken by youth; levels and types of youth participation in the informal food economy; opportunities and constraints on youth entrepreneurship in the informal food economy make comparative, evidence-based recommendations for programs to boost informal entrepreneurship amongst youth in the partner cities and more broadly. 18

Competition Between Formal and Informal Urban Food Retailing general implications and challenges of the corporatisation of food processing and distribution for inclusive growth (including employment and incomes); types of competitive (and anti-competitive) practices of supermarket chains both in relation to each other and to small firms in the formal and informal economies and how can the latter be maximised; entrepreneurial strategies and innovations being adopted by, or available to, small informal firms in the face of growing economic and spatial competition; kinds of corporate social responsibility programs that could be developed by supermarket chains which would support and encourage small firms and entrepreneurial activity in the food sector (e.g. retailing partnerships, entrepreneurship training programs, financing). 19