Therapies – Chapter 13

Cognitive Therapies based on changing clients’ perceptions Stress Inoculation – focuses on self-talk REBT - Developed by Ellis  Based on irrational beliefs – musts and shoulds  ABC’s of REBT

The A-B-C theory

The A-B-C theory - Example A – Activating Emotional Experience  Reading chapters on counseling approaches presenting a dozen complex theories B- Belief  I feel so stupid that I can’t understand this stuff.  This is terrible. I’ll never be a good counselor.  I should be able to pick this stuff up faster. C – Consequences  Anxiety, Fear, Confusion, Frustration, Anger

The A-B-C theory – Example cont’ D – Disputing Irrational Beliefs  “Of course I feel overwhelmed – that is what an introductory student is supposed to feel when presented with an overview of the field in just a few weeks.”  “Just because I don’t understand everything about these theories doesn’t make me a stupid person- just a person who will have to work a little harder and have more patience.”  “This isn’t a terrible situation only a difficult one.”

The A-B-C theory – Example cont’ E – Emotional Effect  Relief  Mild Tension  Mild annoyance  Excitement From:  Anxiety  Fear  Confusion  Frustration  Anger

Irrational Ideas Irrational ideas lead to self-defeating behavior Some thoughts:  Awfulizing  “I can’t stand it”  Musterbating  Self-judgments Some examples:  “I must have love or approval from all the significant people in my life.”  “I must perform important tasks competently and perfectly.”  “If I don’t get what I want, it’s terrible, and I can’t stand it.”

Beck Cognitive Therapy Focuses on changing inappropriately negative patterns of thought Similar to REBT, but different in style  Less challenging  Less confrontational  Examines in a supportive manner

CT’s Cognitive Distortions Arbitrary inferences Selective abstraction Overgeneralization Magnification and minimization Personalization Labeling and mislabeling Polarized thinking

Settings Group - achieve insight thought group interactions  Psycho educational  Self-help  Here and now Family – family is partially responsible for problems  Multigenerational, strategic, Adlerian, structural Couple – designed to help in communication and other issus  Pre Marital  Post Marital

Drug Therapies Anti-psychoticsThorazine/Haldol AtypicalRisperidal/Seroquel Mood stabilizers/ antiepileptic Lithium/ dilantin/ tegretol/ depakote Psycho stimulantsMethylphenidate/ dextroamphetamine/ focalin Anti-anxietyBenzodiazepines (valium, xanax, klonopin) Antidepressants/ TricyclicTofranil, Elavil SSRIProzac, Zoloft, Paxil, AtypicalEffexor, Wellbutrin, Remeron

Other Theories Brief Solution Focused Narrative Art Play PsychoDrama Object-Relations Jungian Transactional Analysis 12 - step Social Learning Biblio-therapy