Operational Amplifiers C H A P T E R 2 Operational Amplifiers 

Figure 2.1 Circuit symbol for the op amp. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 2.2 The op amp shown connected to dc power supplies. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 2.3 Equivalent circuit of the ideal op amp. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 2.5 The inverting closed-loop configuration. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure E2.6 Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 2.10 A weighted summer. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 2.12 The noninverting configuration. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Difference Amplifier Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 2.17 Application of superposition to the analysis of the circuit of Fig. 2.16. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Integrator Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

The Miller Integrator Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Differentiator Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 2.28 Circuit model for an op amp with input offset voltage VOS. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 2.29 Evaluating the output dc offset voltage due to VOS in a closed-loop amplifier. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 2.33 Analysis of the closed-loop amplifier, taking into account the input bias currents. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 2.34 Reducing the effect of the input bias currents by introducing a resistor R3. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 2.39 Open-loop gain of a typical general-purpose internally compensated op amp. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure 2.44 Effect of slew-rate limiting on output sinusoidal waveforms. Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure P2.8 Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure P2.16 Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.

Figure P2.49 Microelectronic Circuits, Sixth Edition Sedra/Smith Copyright © 2010 by Oxford University Press, Inc.