International Conference on Sustainable Built Environment NANCO AND UNIVERSITY OF MELBOURNE JOINT RESEARCH SESSION ON NANOTECHNOLOGY AND SUSTAINABLE BUILT ENVIRONMENT December, 2010 at Earls Regency, Kandy, Sri Lanka
NATURAL RUBBER/LAYERED SILCATE NANOCOMPOSITE FOR BUILDING APPLICATIONS T.C. Peiris (BSc Eng, MSc) U.N. Rathnayake (PhD. Loughborough )
Outline Conventional rubber composites Importance of nanotechnology Feasible nanomaterial and processing with it Results and discussion Future directions
Key applications in construction industry: Conventional rubber composites - Tires/Tracks - Load bearings (Bridge bearings, Fenders, etc.) - Bushes, Mounts, Floorings - Hoses, Belts, Rollers, Sheets, etc. Rubber/s + Carbon black/Silica
Requirements: Conventional rubber composites Contd. - A reinforcing material from non-polluted route - Non- petroleum product - Cost effectiveness - Non- hazardous to process Is there a material to replace Carbon black? - If so,
Advantages of Rubber nanocomposites (RNCs) Importance of nanotechnology - Improved mechanical properties at very low loading levels of nanomaterials - Substitute for Rubber / Carbon black or Silica composites Inert materials reinforcing fillers - Improved barrier properties - Improved thermal stability
Montmorillonite (MMT): Feasible nanomaterial & processing with it - Inorganic layered silicate - Provides easy surface modification - In-situ nanofiller formation via: - Intercalation and exfoliation of MMT Preparation of RNCs: - Solution intercalation - In-situ polymerisation - Latex route - Melt blending (Banbury and two-roll mixing) Paul D.R., Robenson L.M. Polymer nanotechnology: nanocomposites, Journal of Polymer 49 (2008)
Preparation of Natural rubber NCs through melt blending: Feasible nanomaterial & processing with it Contd. - By organically modifying the MMT (i.e. OMMT) - By incorporating polar additives to the rubber 1) Compatibility between the rubber and the MMT - By optimising the shear level during the mixing - By optimising the processing time, temperature 2) Adjusted processing parameters Thereby achieving maximum intercalation and exfoliation
Intercalation and exfoliation Feasible nanomaterial & processing with it Contd. Paul D.R., Robenson L.M. Polymer nanotechnology: nanocomposites, Journal of Polymer 49 (2008)
Results & discussion Several compounds were prepared - All values are in phr (parts per hundred parts of rubber)
Vulcanisation characteristics Results & discussion Contd.
X-ray diffractometer analysis - Target: for no-peak situation Results & discussion Contd. Two theta
Results & discussion Contd. SEM image of cured NRLS4
Intercalation and exfoliation Feasible nanomaterial & processing with it Contd. N+N+ 2R
Results & discussion Contd. Tensile strength and Modulus
*Engineering with rubber : how to design rubber components / Alan N. ** Results & discussion Contd. - Bridge bearings *- Required properties for bridge bearings**
Future directions - Preparation of NCs with 100% exfoliation - Preparation of NCs by rubber blends - Further improvements along barrier properties & thermal stability - Improvements towards functional materials (antistatic, electrical, magnetic or hybrid etc.)
Acknowledgement Prof. Ajith De Alwis & Prof. Veranja karunarathne for the leadership given Team NANCO Loadstar Pvt, Ltd
Thank you …
Sustainability - Energy conservation - Materials efficiency - Pollution reduction - Recycling