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What do the terms Hawks and Doves refer to when we are discussing war? Dove – peace Hawk – war War hawks were stirred by a strong sense of nationalism (patriotism) and wanted a declaration of war against Britain

Why did America want to go to war with England? I. Causes

A. British interference with American shipping

B. British impressment of American sailors

C. British aiding Indian violence on the frontier

John Clopton, Virginia 1812 "The outrages in impressing American seamen exceed all manner of description. Indeed, the whole system of aggression now is such that the real question between Great Britain and the United States has ceased to be a question merely relating to certain rights of commerce... it is now clearly, positively, and directly a question of independence, that is to say, whether the United States are really an independent nation."

II. US was unprepared for war A.old or inexperienced officers B.a small army and navy led to many early defeats to the British and their Indian allies

A. USS Constitution defeats the HMS Guerriere in 1812 III. Early American Successes

1. British cannon fire bounces off Constitution, nicknamed “Old Ironsides”

2. British forced to surrender when masts break

B. Americans capture York and burn the Parliament building C. Harrison wins the Battle of the Thames (Tecumseh is killed)

D. Oliver Hazard Perry wins the Battle of Lake Erie

1.Defeat of British on Lake Erie prevents invasion from Canada

E. The American victories resulted in a stalemate in the war (no side dominates)

~ the defeat of Napoleon led to a second phase of the war…

IV. Phase 2 A. Britain invades the Chesapeake Bay

1. they march on Washington and

burn most of the city

~ Dolley Madison (one of the last to leave the city) saves a famous portrait of George Washington

B. next they move to attack Baltimore 1. Ft. McHenry must be defeated first

2. all night long they bombard the fort, but cannot defeat it (Baltimore is saved!)

3. Francis Scott Key writes “The Star Spangled Banner” after witnessing the victory

Star Spangled Banner, a history A1E A1E

V ~ Treaty of Ghent ends the War of 1812

A. no land was exchanged B. no agreement on trade issues was made (then what was it fought for?)

VI Jackson wins the Battle of New Orleans

A. British planned to attack New Orleans

1. they send a frontal assault against “Line Jackson” south of the city New Orleans

2. from behind earthen walls, cannon and riflemen devastate the British army

~ killed or wounded : Britain 2,000 Americans 71

3. the victory makes Andrew Jackson a national hero

VII. Effects of the War of 1812 A. Increased American patriotism

B. America was finally free of British influence

C. American manufacturing grew during blockade, leading to the US Industrial Revolution