1 EXPECTED CLIMATE IMPACTS Agriculture: impacts on food security Agriculture: impacts on food security Natural resources: water, energy,… Natural resources: water, energy,… Health Health Social change: conflicts Social change: conflicts Increasing natural disasters Increasing natural disasters

2 Climate change is unequivocal and global Climate change is unequivocal and global UNEQUI VOCAL Surface temperatures increasing Tropospheric temperatures increasing Ocean heat content increasing Sea level rise Glaciers and snow over decreasing Area of seasonally frozen ground decreasing More intense and longer droughts Extreme temperatures increasing Tropical cyclone intensity increasing Frequency of heavy precipitation events increasing IPCC

3

4 HURRICANE KATRINA

5

6 CYCLONE NARGIS: FLOODING IN OUTSKIRTS OF YANGON

7 DISASTERS SUDDENTECHNOLOGICALSLOWENVIRONMENTAL NATURAL DISASTERS HUMAN DISASTERS - Greenhouse effect - Deforestation - Uncontrolled town planning, megacities - Drying Lakes - Chemistry (Bhopal, AZT) - Nuclear (Chernobyl) - Oil spill - Desertification - Drought INTERACTIONS COMPLEX DISASTERS - Earthquakes - Tsunami - Volcanic Eruptions - Floods - Landslides - Storms, Hurricanes, - Cyclones

8 HAZARD x VULNERABILITY = RISK H x V = R

9 Increasing vulnerability/complexity Development of megacities Development of megacities Growing inter-connection natural /technological disasters Growing inter-connection natural /technological disasters Technological dependance (power, computers, communication systems) Technological dependance (power, computers, communication systems) Growing globalization = growing interdependency = growing vulnerability from distant disasters Growing globalization = growing interdependency = growing vulnerability from distant disasters « Inconceivable » events « Inconceivable » events

10 BREAKING THE LINK HAZARDS ARE INEVITABLE DISASTERS ARE NOT INEVITABLE Prevention Preparedness Risk management

11

12 HURRICANE DEAN: CATEGORY 2 STORM ON AUGUST 16

13 HURRICANE DEAN: PHOTO FROM ENDEAVOR ON AUGUST 18

14 CYCONES IN BANGLADESH Facts: In 1970, a cyclone caused deaths and left 1.3 million homeless Installation of a cyclone early warning system In 1985, thanks to the early warning, a cyclone of same intensity caused a number of deaths limited to

15 CYCLONE NARGIS APPROACHING BANGLADESH: MAY 1, 2008:

16 CYCLONE NARGIS: FLOODING IN OUTSKIRTS OF YANGON

17 MYANMAR CYCLONE MYANMAR CYCLONE Inadequate warning and evacuation systems Inadequate warning and evacuation systems Inadequate advance preparations Inadequate advance preparations Limited expertise for disaster assistance Limited expertise for disaster assistance

18 West Coast of Aceh (Widjo Kongko, 2005) (after Kameda)

19 Barriers to disaster reduction perception of inevitability; fatalism prevention measures neglected information about natural disasters and disaster reduction techniques is not disseminated planning divorced from hazard management

20  Women are more vulnerable to natural hazards  Women are key actors in disaster preparedness

21  Women constitute up to 80% of refugee and displaced populations  In emergency situations women and children make up 70 to 80% of those needing assistance (IUCN)

22 Bangladesh Cyclone 1991 Women aged 20-44: death rate was 71 per 1000 Women aged 20-44: death rate was 71 per 1000 Men aged 20-44: death rate was 15 per 1000 Men aged 20-44: death rate was 15 per 1000 ( IUCN)

23 WHY ARE WOMEN MORE VULNERABLE Biological, social and economical differences 1. Women have less access to resources 2. Women are victims of the gendered division of labour 3. Women are primarily responsible for domestic duties, are caregivers

24 WHY ARE WOMEN MORE VULNERABLE Biological, social and economical differences Early warning systems are orientated towards males 4. Early warning systems are orientated towards males women are more likely to become victims of domestic and sexual violence 5. After a natural disaster, women are more likely to become victims of domestic and sexual violence 6. Migration due to climate change will leave women behind 6. Migration due to climate change will leave women behind

25 TROPICAL CYCLONE SIDR: DESPAIR

26

27

28 Women’s role in Disaster Risk Management WOMEN ARE KEY ACTORS IN BUILDING, SHAPING AND SUSTAINING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES WOMEN ARE KEY ACTORS IN BUILDING, SHAPING AND SUSTAINING RESILIENT COMMUNITIES Photo Credit: Joanne Omang

29 Women’s role in Disaster Risk Management Women respond to disasters Women respond to disasters Building houses; digging wells and ditches; hauling water and building shelters, considered as “male” tasks. Forming groups and networks which is essential in disaster preparedness and mitigation.

30 Women’s role in Disaster Risk Management Women play decision-making roles in disaster issues Women play decision-making roles in disaster issues Women and young girls play an important role in their families and communities (in health, education and childcare). Women and young girls play an important role in their families and communities (in health, education and childcare). Posted by Mayan Families;

31 Promote Gender Concerns Launch global campaign on disaster reduction in which gender is fully mainstreamed Urge governments: policies and strategies with gender balanced approaches Establish focal points to promote gender balanced approaches at all levels

32 Looking to Natural Disasters from a Gender Perspective Respond to women's needs and concerns Acknowledge women’s vulnerable status Gender-based approach to the study on natural disasters Assure women’s access to relief resources Strengthen the dialogue within & between communities and the national government & capacity-building Increase efforts in promoting gender equalities Ensure women’s access to policy-making, information and knowledge on disaster reduction

33 Good practices and Lessons Learned Hurricane Mitch, Honduras, 1998 – “Garifuna Emergency Committee of Honduras” was created to promote women’s leadership in decision-making roles. Hurricane Mitch, Honduras, 1998 – “Garifuna Emergency Committee of Honduras” was created to promote women’s leadership in decision-making roles. Indian Ocean Tsunami, India, December 2004 – “Tsunami Relief and Rehabilitation Programmes” were led by women from the communities involved. Indian Ocean Tsunami, India, December 2004 – “Tsunami Relief and Rehabilitation Programmes” were led by women from the communities involved. Earthquake, Pakistan, 2005 – “Potohar Organization for Development Advocacy (PODA)” promotes women’s rights following a disaster. Earthquake, Pakistan, 2005 – “Potohar Organization for Development Advocacy (PODA)” promotes women’s rights following a disaster.

34 Fresh water management should take into account the needs and role both of men and women through an equitable approach

35 Women and Water They have major role in managing managing communal & safe maintaining communal & safe maintaining regulation & control of the social use regulation & control of the social use of of WATER SUPPLY WATER SUPPLY

36 Women: collectors, users & managers of water They provide household water They cook, clean & take care of the sick They have vital role in agriculture

37 Limited access to energy has a disproportionate effect on women, especially in rural areas. -Risk for their health and safety -They are not able to perform essential child-care - Limits the opportunities for better education - Electricity is essential for creating new employment opportunities - Energy services enable improved food production and human well-being - Energy poverty is a main factor for increased migration ENERGY IS A KEY FACTOR IN ECONOMIC AND SOCIAL DEVELOPMENT

38 DISCRIMINATION LESS PAYMENT LESS EDUCATION LESS ACCESS TO NATURAL RESOURCES LESS FINANCIAL RESOURCES BEING MORE EXPOSED TO RISKS BEING EXCLUDED OF PLANNING & DECISION MAKING

39 The United Nations system engaged in disaster reduction The United Nations system engaged in disaster reduction World Meteorological Organization WORLD BANK

40 United Nations Educational Scientific(natural, environmental, social) Cultural( culture, communication, information) Organization

41 Long-term Goals Observation and early warning networks of natural hazards Observation and early warning networks of natural hazards Hazard risk mapping Hazard risk mapping Disaster-resistant building codes Disaster-resistant building codes Education for disaster reduction Education for disaster reduction Help make schools safer Help make schools safer Promotion of public awareness through communication Promotion of public awareness through communication Protection of cultural monuments and sites Protection of cultural monuments and sites

42 Hydrological hazards Studies of hydrological processes of floods, Studies of hydrological processes of floods, Design of engineering works for flood control; Design of engineering works for flood control; Development of a decision-support system for urban water disaster mitigation; Development of a decision-support system for urban water disaster mitigation; International Flood Programme/Initiative. International Flood Programme/Initiative.

43 International Consortium on Landslides Consortium on Landslides

44 Drought/desertification The Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB). The Man and Biosphere Programme (MAB).