Chapter 17 Section 2 Notes

Intro: 1.In the 1400’s northern Europeans began to adopt the ideas of the Renaissance. 2. Renaissance ideas such as the importance of the individual are a strong part of modern thought

I. The Northern Renaissance Begins

A. By 1453 cities in northern Europe were recovering from the Bubonic Plague and the Hundred Years Wars between England and France

B. Flanders (Belgium) is where the Northern Renaissance began

C. Rulers in France and England helped spread the Renaissance to those countries

1. Francis I sponsored the arts in France

D. Northern Renaissance humanist developed plans for social reform based on Christian beliefs

II. Artistic Ideas Spread

A. In 1494 France goes to war with Italy and many Italian artists fled to Northern Countries

B. German Painters

                                                                                                               Albrecht Dürer painted Adoration of the Trinity after returning from studying in Italy. 1. Albrecht Durer

Pond in the Woods c. 1496 Watercolor and gouache on paper 26 x 37 cm British Museum, London The Four Horsemen of the Apocalypse 1498 Woodcut 39 x 28 cm

a. Woodcuts and engravings of religion and classical myths

2. Hans Holbein the Younger

Portrait of Erasmus of Rotterdam 1523 Wood, 76 x 51 cm National Gallery, London Henry VIII (`The Ambassadors') 1533 Oil on oak, 207 x 209 cm National Gallery, London

a. Royal family portraits with photographic detail

1. King Henry VIII

C. Flemish Painters ( Individuals and worldly pleasures)

1. Jan van Eyck

Man in a Red Turban Portrait of Cardinal Niccolò Albergati 1431-32 Oil on wood, 34,1 x 27,3 cm Kunsthistorisches Museum, Vienna Portrait of Giovanni Arnolfini c. 1435 Oil on wood, 29 x 20 cm Staatliche Museen, Berlin

a. Invented oil paints

b. Revealed personality of subjects

2. Pieter Bruegel the Elder

The Harvesters The Beggars Peasant wedding

a. Captured scenes of everyday peasant life                                                                                                                                                 <> a. Captured scenes of everyday peasant life Flemish Peasant Life The Flemish painter Pieter Bruegel often portrayed peasants. Many of his paintings provide information about peasant life in the 1500s.

1. Weddings, dances, and harvests

D. Dutch Painters

1. Rembrandt Van Rijn

Rembrandt Harmensz. van Rijn Dutch, 1632 Oil on panel 24 1/2 x 30 5/16 in.

The Anatomy Lecture of Dr. Nicolaes Tulp

a. Considered the Dutch Master

III. Northern Writers Try to Reform Society

A. Writers adopt the Renaissance ideas of humanism

1. Some gave it a religious slant became known as Christian humanists

B. Christian Humanists

1. Desiderius Erasmus (Holland)

a. 1509 writes the book The Praise of Folly

1. Poked fun at greedy merchants, quarrelsome scholars, and pompous priests

b. Believed in Christianity of the heart not ceremonies

2. Sir Thomas More (England)

a. 1516, writes the book Utopia

1. About an imaginary land inhabited by peace-loving people where greed, corruption, war, and crime had been weeded out

C. French Humanist

1. Francois Rabelais (France)

a. Wrote comic adventure Gargantua and Pantagruel

1. About two giants that traveled through France

2. Poked fun at society, education, and government

D. William Shakespeare (English)

1. Greatest playwright of all time, command of English language, and understanding of human beings

2. Scenes of dramatic conflict, tragedies

3. Works include, Macbeth, King Lear, Hamlet, A Midsummer Night’s 3. Works include, Macbeth, King Lear, Hamlet, A Midsummer Night’s Dream, Romeo and Juliet, and Julius Caesar

E. The Elizabethan Age

1. Named after Queen Elizabeth I 1558-1603

2. She spoke English, French, Italian, Latin, and Greek

IV. Printing Spreads Renaissance Ideas

A. Gutenberg invents the Printing Press                                                                                                                                                                                                                                                   Only 46 copies of the Gutenberg Bible still exist in the world. Because of this, each copy is considered priceless. A part of a page is shown above right.

1. Johann Gutenberg, from Mainz, Germany invents movable type in Europe in 1440

2. His first book was the Gutenberg Bible in 1445

B. Printing Spreads Learning

1. Books became cheaper because more were being printed

2. New ideas spread quick

3. Literacy arose

4. Vernacular language helped those that couldn’t afford a classical education

1 = B 2 = H