The Age of Industrialization 1. The Rise of Heavy Industry 2. Railroading 3. Invention and Technology 4. The “Robber Barons” 5. Organized Labor.

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Presentation transcript:

The Age of Industrialization 1. The Rise of Heavy Industry 2. Railroading 3. Invention and Technology 4. The “Robber Barons” 5. Organized Labor

Pittsburgh at night

Reasons for the rise of heavy industry

1. New Articles of Production

Reasons for the rise of heavy industry 1. New Articles of Production 2. New Purchasers of Material

Reasons for the rise of heavy industry 1. New Articles of Production 2. New Purchasers of Material 3. Technology

Reasons for the rise of heavy industry 1. New Articles of Production 2. New Purchasers of Material 3. Technology 4. New methods of Organization

Reasons for the rise of heavy industry 1. New Articles of Production 2. New Purchasers of Material 3. Technology 4. New methods of Organization 5. New Sources of Power

Reasons for the rise of heavy industry 1. New Articles of Production 2. New Purchasers of Material 3. Technology 4. New methods of Organization 5. New Sources of Power 6. Transportation improvements

Reasons for the rise of heavy industry 1. New Articles of Production 2. New Purchasers of Material 3. Technology 4. New methods of Organization 5. New Sources of Power 6. Transportation improvements 7. Improved Communications

The Rise of the Railroads

The Transcontinental Railroad 1869

Union Pacific- East to West

The Transcontinental Railroad 1869 Union Pacific- East to West Central Pacific- (Collis Huntington) West to East. Much slower. Why?

The Transcontinental Railroad 1869 Union Pacific- East to West Central Pacific- (Collis Huntington) West to East. Much slower. Why? Had to go through Rocky Mountains!

The Transcontinental Railroad 1869 Union Pacific- East to West Central Pacific- (Collis Huntington) West to East. Much slower. Why? Had to go through Rocky Mountains! Met at Prometory Point, Utah, May 1869

Jay Gould

Cornelius Vanderbilt

John D. Rockefeller

J. Pierpont Morgan

Andrew Carnegie Started off as a poor immigrant from Scotland.

Andrew Carnegie Started off as a poor immigrant from Scotland. Worked in a textile mill

Andrew Carnegie Started off as a poor immigrant from Scotland. Worked in a textile mill Started as secretary to RR Superintendent and later became superintendent himself.

Andrew Carnegie Started off as a poor immigrant from Scotland. Worked in a textile mill Started as secretary to RR Superintendent and later became superintendent himself. Moved into steel industry

Andrew Carnegie Started off as a poor immigrant from Scotland. Worked in a textile mill Started as secretary to RR Superintendent and later became superintendent himself. Moved into steel industry First to use the “Bessemer Process”

Carnegie and Philanthropy The Gospel of Wealth (1889)

Carnegie and Philanthropy The Gospel of Wealth (1889) Influenced by Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism

Carnegie and Philanthropy The Gospel of Wealth (1889) Influenced by Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism Concerned about proper uses of wealth

Carnegie and Philanthropy The Gospel of Wealth (1889) Influenced by Herbert Spencer and Social Darwinism Concerned about proper uses of wealth Best method is to distribute it while alive!

Horatio Alger Wrote “rags to riches” novels about young men who persevered and rose up from poverty.

Horatio Alger

Distribution of Wealth

1900: The richest 2 % owned 1/3 of the wealth

Distribution of Wealth 1900: The richest 2 % owned 1/3 of the wealth The richest 10 % owned 3/4!

Distribution of Wealth 1900: The richest 2 % owned 1/3 of the wealth The richest 10 % owned 3/4! But there was a rising standard of living across all classes during Gilded Age.

Distribution of Wealth 1900: The richest 2 % owned 1/3 of the wealth The richest 10 % owned 3/4! But there was a rising standard of living across all classes during Gilded Age. Real wages did increase in manufacturing and other industries during period.

Problems of Industrialization

Poor Working Conditions

Slum Housing

Why Labor Unions failed to succeed Language barrier

Why Labor Unions failed to succeed Language barrier Temporary nature of the work

Why Labor Unions failed to succeed Language barrier Temporary nature of the work No “safety net.”

Why Labor Unions failed to succeed Language barrier Temporary nature of the work No “safety net.” Management reluctance to recognize.

Why Labor Unions failed to succeed Language barrier Temporary nature of the work No “safety net.” Management reluctance to recognize. Government siding with management.

Early Labor Unions Knights of Labor- Terrence Powderly Cooperative labor where workers would own the means of production. 8 hour work day Open to all producers- regardless of gender, color, or skill level.

Early Labor Unions American Federation of Labor- Samuel Gompers Skilled laborers only (craft unions) Interested in “bread and butter” issues like shorter hours, better pay. Women were excluded.

Early Labor Unions International Lady Garment Workers Union (ILGWU)- first labor union exclusively for female workers. However, most leadership positions were taken by males.

Why Labor Unions Failed

Management desire to kill unions.

Why Labor Unions Failed Management desire to kill unions. Violence against union membership.

Why Labor Unions Failed Management desire to kill unions. Violence against union membership. Use of strike-breakers (scabs).

Why Labor Unions Failed Management desire to kill unions. Violence against union membership. Use of strike-breakers (scabs). Cultural and language barriers

Why Labor Unions Failed Management desire to kill unions. Violence against union membership. Use of strike-breakers (scabs). Cultural and language barriers Blacklisting

Why Labor Unions Failed Management desire to kill unions. Violence against union membership. Use of strike-breakers (scabs). Cultural and language barriers Blacklisting Military and Police action against unions.

Gilded Age Strikes

Homestead Strike of 1892

Gilded Age Strikes Homestead Strike of 1892 Pullman Strike of 1894