Plant Science Agscience I Stalder

Human Needs Direct Plant Source: plants or products used by humans Indirect Plant Source: Plants used as animal feed and humans use the animals or its products Meeting Basic Needs Food Clothing Shelter

Role of Plant Science Field Crops Horticulture Crops Forestry Agronomy Ornamental Horticulture Floriculture – plants for foliage (flowers) Landscape Horticulture – outdoor environment Food Crop Horticulture Olericulture - vegetables Pomology - fruits Forestry

Important Plants & Uses Grain Crops Wheat, oats, barley, rye, rice corn Sugar & Oil Crops Sugar cane, sugar beet Soybean, cotton, canola, corn Fiber Crops Cotton, flax, hemp, jute

Important Plants & Uses Vegetable, Fruit & Nut Forage Use leaves and stems for animal use Hay, grasses, legumes Ornamental Turf, flowers, shrubs, vines Other Herbs – non-woody plant used to enhance food spices – an aromatic plant part medicinal plants – pain killers, oitments

The Plant Kingdom Four major groups: Mosses Ferns Gymnosperm “naked seeds” seeds lay on the scales of cones Angiosperms Flowering plants Seed is enclosed in the fruit

Flowering Plants Two Classes Monocots Dicots Lilies, grasses, corn and palms Dicots Oaks, cacti, roses and soybeans

Flowering Plants Monocots Dicots Leaves Flowers Stems Seedlings Long, narrow blades, parallel veins Broad to narrow leaves with netted veins Flowers Parts in multiples of three Parts in multiples of four or five Stems Vascular bundles scattered Vascular bundles arranged in circle Seedlings One seed leaf Two seed leaves

Plant Life Cycles Life Cycle Time when a plant begins growth until the time it dies.

Plant Life Cycles 3 groups Annuals Complete their life cycle within one year. Must replant every year. Corn, soybeans, marigolds, ragweed, zinnias

Plant Life Cycles Biennials Normally require 2 growing seasons to produce flowers and fruit before dying Hollyhock, parsley, beets, carrots

Plant Life Cycles Perennials Plants that have a life cycle of more than 2 years. Produce seeds every year for many years. 2 types Herbaceous – soft shoots that are killed by frost Daylilies, tulips, asparagus Woody – wood and buds above ground that survive winter Maple, honeysuckle, grape

Plant Parts Stem Leaves Roots Flowers

Stem Vascular Tissue Buds Xylem = transports water & nutrients from roots Phloem = transport food produced by leaves Buds Terminal = end of the stem Lateral = on the side of the stem

Leaves Petiole = stem of a leaf Simple = petiole + 1 leaf Compound = numerous petioles and/or leaflets

Roots Tap Fibrous Adventitious Single, large root, grows straight down Many small roots that grow underground Adventitious Do not need to be underground, help plant to climb

Flower Look on pg 299 for flower diagram Record all parts of the flower Identify if they are male, female or both Identify its job