Taxonomy, The Science of Classifying Organisms Brought To You By Carolus Linnaeus

Why Classify? (page 447) 1. Why do biologists use a classification system to study the diversity of life? 2. The science of classifying organisms and assigning them universally accepted names is known as taxonomy 3. Is the following sentence true or false? In a good system of classification, organisms placed into a particular group are less similar to each other than they are to organisms in other groups. They use a classification system to name and group organisms logically.

Means “ two naming system” Assigning Scientific Names (page 448) 4. Why is it confusing to refer to organisms by common names? 5. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about early efforts at naming organisms. a. Names were usually in English. b. Names often described detailed physical characteristics of a species. c. Names could be very long. d. It was difficult to standardize the names. 6. The two-word naming system developed by Linnaeus is called Called Moose in the USA Called Elk in Britain Common names vary from country to country. A single species can share more Than one common name. Buzzard in USA Buzzard in Britain Binomial Nomenclature Means “ two naming system”

7. Circle the letter of each sentence that is true about binomial nomenclature. a. The system is no longer in use today. b. Each species is assigned a two-part scientific name. c. The scientific name is always written in italics. d. The second part of the scientific name is capitalized. 8. What is the genus of the grizzly bear, Ursus arctos? The genus is “Ursus”.

Kingdom Linnaeus System of Classification (pages 449-450) 9. A group or level of organization in taxonomy is called a taxonomic category, or Taxon (taxa is plural) 10. The largest taxonomic category in Linnaeus’s system of classification is the _________ and the smallest is the _____. 11. What two kingdoms did Linnaeus name? Plantae and Animalia kingdoms Kingdom Species

Kings Play Chess On Fine Green Silk 12. Fill in the name of each missing taxonomic category in the chart below. Kingdom Animalia Phylum Chordata - backbones Class Mammalia – nurse young Order Carnivora – Shearing molars Family Ursidae - Bears Genus Ursus –”Typical Bears” Species Ursus arctos

Closely related species are grouped in the same genus Acinonyx jubatus Panthera leo Panthera uncia Cheetah Snow leopard Puma concolor Panthera tigris Panthera pardus Tiger Mountain. lion Leopard

Cat Phylogenetic (family) Tree The rare “Flying Cat” Felifloatis apodis

Scientific names give descriptive info: House fly a) Graptemys geographica Red maple b) Apis melliflora Indian elephant c) Acer rubrum Map turtle d) Musca domestica Honey bee e) Elephas maximus

Reviewing Key Concepts Short Answer On the lines provided, answer the following questions. 1. As biologists classify the diversity of life, what two main tasks do they carry out? As diversity is studied, scientists name organisms and group them in a logical manner. 2. On what two languages are scientific names based? The languages are Latin, or Greek. 3. According to the system of binomial nomenclature, how should the scientific name of a species be written? First letter in Genus name upper case First letter of species name lower case Underline name or write in italics

4. Which part of the name Puma concolor identifies the genus? Puma identifies the genus to which a mountain lion belongs. 5. List in order from smallest to largest the seven categories in Linnaeus's system of classification. Species, Genus, Family, Order, Class, Phylum, Kingdom - called taxa (singular – taxon)

Scientific naming review The science of giving organisms a two-part scientific name is called What two languages are used in scientific naming? What is correct way of writing the scientific name “campylorhynchus brunneicalipis”? Binomial nomenclature Latin and Greek

A group of closely related species are a _____ genus A group of closely related species are a _____ To what genus do Crotalus atrox, and Crotalus willardi belong? Fill in the missing taxa: Domain, Kingdom, _______, Class, _______, _______, Genus, Species. Phylum Order Family

Why can common names be so confusing to scientists? What species are more closely related? Vulpes rufus Lynx rufus Vulpes velox What descriptive information does the scientific name Carnegiea gigantea provide? Common names are different in different countries – A single species may have more than one common name.