Natural Selection Lab Archaeopteryx fossil Passenger pigeon, which became extinct in the early 1900s due to human hunting I’iwi, Hawaiian honeycreeper By Jane Horlings

History Ideas about evolution originated before Darwin Aristotle Fossils Jean Baptiste de Lamarck –Inheritance of acquired characteristics Aristotle (UL), Ammonite fossil (UR), Lamarck (L)

History Lamarck –Characteristics which an organism developed during its lifetime were inherited –Now known to be invalid

History Charles Darwin H.M.S. Beagle South America & the Galapagos Islands H.M.S. Beagle (U), Galapagos turtle (LL), Darwin at early age (LR)

History

Finches in the Galapagos History

Other scientists and research influenced Darwin’s theory Charles Lyell: Principles of Geology Lyell

History Economist Thomas Malthus

History Alfred Russel Wallace Wallace, early (R), and later in life (L)

History Darwin proposed that evolution occurs by natural selection On the Origin of Species by Means of Natural Selection published in 1859

Darwin's theory had four parts: 1. Organisms produce more offspring than can survive to reproductive age 2. Members of a population vary and some of these variations are heritable 3.Resources available to a population are limited 4.Organisms with the most favorable traits have differential reproductive success, and those traits are passed to the next generation History

The synthetic theory of evolution or Neo-Darwinism Darwin (R), Mendel (L)

Darwin in cartoon from 1800s History Darwin died in 1882

Selection = when some individuals leave behind more offspring than others, and the rate at which they do so is affected by their inherited characteristics Selection can be artificial or natural Selection Peppered moth

Artificial selection Selection

Biotechnology / Genetic engineering Selection

Natural selection Natural selection is the result of differential reproduction by members of a population “Reproduction of the fittest!” Selection

See? The offspring in the last generation now all have the gene allowing them to be resistant to the pesticide! This is a great example of selection! Selection

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