HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY SMOS SAG meeting, HUT-2D First results using the 36-element fully integrated instrument Kimmo Rautiainen, Juha Kainulainen, Tuomo Auer, Jani Kettunen, Robert Butora, Martti Hallikainen

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY SMOS SAG meeting, Contents Instrument introduction First results –Cold sky measurement –Airborne measurement Next flights

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY SMOS SAG meeting, Instrument Two dimensional aperture synthesis radiometer 36 receivers in U-shape geometry Platform: HUT research aircraft, Skyvan SC7 Total mass: 100 kg Size: 2 x 2 x 0.4 m

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY SMOS SAG meeting, Main parameters

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY SMOS SAG meeting, First images Sky measurement –Over night –Objective to measure Cygnus First airborne measurements

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY SMOS SAG meeting, Milky Way On the left: Cygnus at L- band On the right: Measurement

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY SMOS SAG meeting, First flights Two flights in Helsinki area Interesting targets: –Land – water boundaries: high contrast –Forest – open area differences: low contrast –Urban areas

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY SMOS SAG meeting, Geo-localisation Pixels in used in image processing 13 x 13 pixels included Aircraft INS and GPS sensor data included In the first flights, the output is average over all the incidence angles and all the polarizations Beam size and shape not taken into account

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY SMOS SAG meeting, Land-Water boundary Measurement on the left and CLC2000 (Corine) Land Use Data  Finland's Environmental Administration(SYKE) as a reference on the right

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY SMOS SAG meeting, Land – Water boundary II Island

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY SMOS SAG meeting, Coastline

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY SMOS SAG meeting, Forest – open area

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY SMOS SAG meeting, Urban areas Hot spots at L-band

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY SMOS SAG meeting, Sun reflection from the sea surface Flights were performed at daylight Reflected sun is visible in the image

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY SMOS SAG meeting, Performance over sea surface STD, 60 samples, 250ms integration time => total time 15 seconds  Averaged image: deviation 4.3 K inside  Std of synthesised pixels 1.7 K inside Averaged image Standard deviation of each pixel

HELSINKI UNIVERSITY OF TECHNOLOGY LABORATORY OF SPACE TECHNOLOGY SMOS SAG meeting, Next Flight End of November Improvements implemented: –Temperature regulated centralised noise source –H-V switching –Fringe washing function correction –Geo-localization algorithm regarding beam size and shape