Big Business and Organized Labor. The Rise of Big Business: Why? Shortage of labor Technological Innovations Government policies.

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Presentation transcript:

Big Business and Organized Labor

The Rise of Big Business: Why? Shortage of labor Technological Innovations Government policies

The Second Industrial Revolution vs. the First Industrial Revolution Steam Iron Textiles Mass production of simple products such as shirts and slips Skilled and artisanal labor still necessary Electricity Steel Railroads Vertical and Horizontal Integration Research and Development Interchangeable parts and mass production Deskilling of labor

Textile Mill ca. 1890

The significance of the RR RR “firsts”: First big business, first magnet for finance, and first with large-scale management Government help: Pacific RR Act Golden Spike Work Force Finance: Gould and Vanderbilt Integrating a national market

Inventors and New Industries Bell and AT&T Edison and Westinghouse Battle of the Currents General Electric

Entrepreneurs John D. Rockefeller and Standard Oil Horizontal v. Vertical Integration Trusts and Holding Companies Carnegie and Steel Bessemer Process Electrical Industry: Siemens, Edison J.P. Morgan and Finance U.S. Steel: The World’s First $Billion firm

John D. Rockefeller

Rockefeller Cartoon

J.P. Morgan Attacks!

Andrew Carnegie

Puddling

Bessemer Process

Carnegie Steel Mill

Electrical Industry Importance of Research and Development Early movers: Siemens & Halske: Telegraphy Inventors: Siemens: Electrical Magnets and Machinery Edison: Electric Lighting Westinghouse v. Edison: Battle of the Currents Morgan’s Role

Werner von Siemens

Thomas Edison: The miracle of electrical lighting

Labor Productivity, deflation and real wages Child Labor Molly Maguires and other heroes Railroad Strike of 1877 and Sand Lot Incident National Labor Union Terrance Powderly and the Knights of Labor

Types of Labor Unions Craft/Trade Unions: American Federation of Labor and Samuel Gompers Industrial Unions: Terrence Powderly and the KofL

Labor Violence Anarchism Haymarket Affair, May 3, 1886 Homestead Strike, July 7, 1892 Pullman Strike, May-July 1894: George Pullman, Eugene Debs, John Peter Altgeld, Grover Cleveland In Re Debs (1895)

Haymarket Riot 1886

Homestead Strike 1892

Strikers and Pinkertons

Homestead Strike: The Army Arrives

Frick and would be assassin

Pullman 1894

Pullman Strike and U.S. Army

Summarize Changes in Labor Deskilled work and mass production: leading to Fordism Antagonism between low skilled and immigrant labor and skilled and native born Industrial v. craft labor unions Living in new cities Government firmly aligned against labor unions and workers’ rights

Coxey’s Army Jacob Coxey Carl Browne “The Stranger”

Radicals International Workers of the World (IWW) Socialists

Why is there no socialism in America?

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