Chapter 6.2 – Ionic and Covalent Bonding

Slides:



Advertisements
Similar presentations
The Structure of Matter How atoms form compounds
Advertisements

Bonding and Chemical Reactions
The Structure of MatterSection 2 Section 2: Ionic and Covalent Bonding Preview Objectives Bellringer Why Do Chemical Bonds Form? Comparing Ionic and Covalent.
Chapter 8: Elements and Chemical Bonds
Ionic, Covalent and Metallic Bonding
How to Bond -Atoms bond when their valence electrons interact -Atoms join to form bonds so that each atom has a stable electron configuration. -When this.
CHEMICAL BONDING p REMEMBER…. THERE ARE TWO KINDS OF PURE SUBSTANCES Elements Compounds.
Chapter 6: The Structure of Matter
CHAPTER INTRODUCTION Lesson 1Lesson 1Electrons and Energy Levels Lesson 2Lesson 2Compounds, Chemical Formulas, and Covalent Bonds Lesson 3Lesson 3Ionic.
COVALENT BONDS Chapter 5 Section 3.
Two types of chemical bonds are Ionic Bonds and Covalent Bonds Chemical Bonding: Covalent Bonding.
Ionic and Covalent Bonding. » Atoms bond when their valence electrons interact ˃Atoms with full outermost energy levels are not reactive (Noble Gases)
Chemical Bonds. Cl - Na + Basics to Bonding When atoms join they create a chemical bond. – This chemical bond: is the force that holds two atoms together.
Ionic Bonding & Covalent Bonding. Ionic Bonding Ionic Bonding – TRANSFER of electrons Metals + Nonmetals = Ionic Bond.
What you should learn: How compounds differ from the elements that make them How a chemical formula represent the ratio of atoms in a compound How the.
Ionic and Covalent Compounds. How many valence electrons do atoms need in the highest energy level to be stable? 8.
Ionic and Covalent Bonding
Chapter 2: Sections 3 Ionic Bonds What is an Ion? An atom or group of atoms that has become electrically charged An atom or group of atoms that has become.
 Define these words  Ion  Ionic bond  Ionic compound  Chemical formula  Subscript  Covalent bond.
Combined elements –Compounds = unique properties from the elements that make them up. –NaCl for example Na = shiny, soft, silvery, metal that reacts violently.
Physical Science The Structure of Matter. Objectives: Relate the chemical formula of a compound to the relative numbers of atoms present in the compound.
Unit 9 Chapter 6 – Chemical Bonds. Essential Questions 1)What is the difference between compounds and mixtures? 2)Explain the difference between an ion.
DAILY QUESTION October 16, Ionic bonds are formed between ____________ charged ions.
Chapter 22 Section 2 Pages Chemical bonding Chapter 22 Section 2 Pages
Why Do Chemical Bonds Form?
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding.
Copyright © by Holt, Rinehart and Winston. All rights reserved. ResourcesChapter menu Section 2 Ionic and Covalent Bonding Objectives Explain why atoms.
Bonding Types and Properties 1. Identify compounds as ionic or molecular (covalent) based on ionic compounds being the combination of metals with nonmetals.
Chapter 7 and 8.  Valence electrons are responsible for the bonding between two atoms.
Objectives Be able to explain why atoms sometimes join to form bonds Be able to explain why atoms sometimes join to form bonds Be able to explain why.
Unit 6A: Ionic and Covalent Bonding. Ions Why do elements in the same group behave similarly? They have the same number of valence electrons. Valence.
Notes 5-1 Atoms, Bonding and the Periodic Table Key Ideas: How is the reactivity of elements related to valence electrons in atoms? What does the periodic.
PAP Chapter 6 CHEMICAL BONDING Cocaine. Chemical Bonding  A chemical bond is a mutual electrical attraction between the nuclei and valence electrons.
Chapter 5 Section 3 Notes The chemical bond formed when two atoms share electrons is called a covalent bond. Except for noble gases, nonmetals can bond.
Properties of Ionic and Covalent Compounds
Bonding.
Types of Chemical Bonds. Objectives Explain why atoms join to form bonds. Explain why some atoms transfer their valence electrons to form ionic bonds,
Electron Configurations – a Review and More…. Electron Configurations e- configuration notation: Reminder – this notation uses # of e- in a sublevel as.
Atoms and Bonding Review. Valence Electrons highest energy level held most loosly number of valence electrons determines many properties, especially how.
Chapter 5 Atoms and Bonding. Valence Electrons and Bonding Valence electrons are those electrons that have the highest energy level and are held most.
Chapter 4 Bonding. Metal + Nonmetal A nonmetal will take electrons from a metal. This transfer of electrons results in ions. The type of bond formed is.
Ionic Bonds Notes 5-2 Key Ideas: 1. How do ions form bonds? 2. How are the formulas and names of ionic compounds written? 3. What are the properties of.
1. How are the noble gases different from other groups of elements? a. Their atoms do not react easily with other atoms. b. They are nonmetals. c. They.
Chapter 7 and 8: Ionic and Metallic Bonding Covalent Bonding Ions, Ionic Bonds and Compounds, Bonding in Metals, Molecular Compounds and Polar Bonds and.
IONIC AND COVALENT BONDS 4 TH BLOCK CHEMISTRY. WARM-UP 1.What is the trend of valence electrons on the periodic table? 2.What is the trend of the ion.
Ionic, Covalent, Metallic and Hydrogen Bonds Chemical Bonding.
Chemical Formulas Uses chemical symbols to represent the atoms of the elements and their ratios in a chemical compound Example: CO 2.
The 8 valance electrons in the noble gases make them chemically stable All other Elements “want” their valence electron structure to look like a noble.
10/26 Opener Create a cohesive hypothesis from yesterday’s class notes. Be sure to include a rationale for your hypothesis (why). I will ask 5 people.
Section 2: Ionic and Covalent Bonding
Section 2: Ionic and Covalent Bonding
Chapter Exercises: Chemical Bonds (I):
Ionic Bonds.
Chapter 4 – Atoms and Bonding
The Structure of matter
Section 2: Ionic and Covalent Bonding
Ionic and Covalent Bonding
Chapter 5-2 Warm - Up 1. What is a compound?
Ionic and Covalent Bonds
Chemical Bonds.
Section 2: Ionic and Covalent Bonding
Chemical bonding Chapter 22 Section 2 Pages
Section 2: Ionic and Covalent Bonding
Bonding Chapters 7-8.
Forming Chemical Bonds
Electron Configurations – a Review and More…
I. Why Atoms Combine Chemical Formulas Chemical Bonds Stability
Ionic and Covalent Bonding
Chemical Bonds 18.2.
Section 2: Ionic and Covalent Bonding
Presentation transcript:

Chapter 6.2 – Ionic and Covalent Bonding Objectives Why do atoms form bonds? How do ionic bonds form? What do atoms joined by covalent bonds share? What gives metals their distinctive properties? How are polyatomic ions similar to other ions?

Chapter 6.2 – Ionic and Covalent Bonding atoms bond when their valence electrons interact so that each atom has a full or stable electron configuration each atom wants to fill its outer s and p sublevels 2 basic kinds of compounds each type of compound has a different kind of bond

Chapter 6.2 – Ionic and Covalent Bonding ionic compounds formed from ions have ionic bonds – an attractive force between oppositely charged ions, which form when electrons are transferred from one to another one atom loses one or more electrons and another atom or atoms gains them the oppositely charged ions are then attracted to each other and form an ionic bond

Chapter 6.2 – Ionic and Covalent Bonding ionic compounds form strong networks because they do not form individual molecules, to write the chemical formulas use the smallest ratio of one ion to another, called the formula unit NaCl 1:1 Na2O 2:1 AlBr3 1:3 smallest ratio means they will not be divisible by each other and get a whole number will never have an ionic compound with a 2:2, 6:3, or 2:4 ratio

Chapter 6.2 – Ionic and Covalent Bonding ionic bonds are very strong therefore ionic compounds are solid at room temperature and have high melting and boiling points solid ionic compounds do not conduct electricity because their electrons are held tightly by the ions when melted or dissolved in water, the ions can move and will conduct electricity

Chapter 6.2 – Ionic and Covalent Bonding ionic compounds are neutral can tell from their formula units NaCl Na+ Cl- 1:1 ratio need 1 Na+ for every Cl- to be neutral MgF2 Mg2+ F- 1:2 ratio need 2 F- for every Mg2+ to be neutral Na2S Na+ S2- 2:1 ratio need 2 Na+ for every S2- to be neutral

Chapter 6.2 – Ionic and Covalent Bonding Covalent compounds – have covalent bonds – bonds formed when atoms share one or more pairs of electrons - electrons are shared so that both atoms have full outer energy levels also called molecules low melting and boiling points do no conduct electricity formed between nonmetals

Chapter 6.2 – Ionic and Covalent Bonding the lines in a structural formula show covalent bonds each line represents 2 electrons that are shared dots around atoms represent unshared electrons pairs of electrons stay together in structural formulas

Chapter 6.2 – Ionic and Covalent Bonding atoms can share multiple electrons when this happens the bonds are stronger when two pairs of electrons are shared it is called a double bond when three pairs of electrons are shared it is called a triple bond when only one pair of electrons are shared it is called a single bond

Chapter 6.2 – Ionic and Covalent Bonding atoms do not always share electrons equally when electrons are not shared equally the electrons spend more time near one atom than the other this gives the atoms small charges and the bond is called polar polar covalent bond – bond where electrons are shared unequally and the atoms have partial positive and negative charges ex. H2O, HF, NH3, HCl

Chapter 6.2 – Ionic and Covalent Bonding when atoms share electrons equally the bond is nonpolar nonpolar covalent bond – bond where electrons are shared equally and the atoms are not partially charged ex. H2, Cl2, N2, CH4, CO2

Chapter 6.2 – Ionic and Covalent Bonding Metals form metallic bonds – bonds between metal cations and the sea of electrons around them the nuclei form a closest packing structure the electrons flow around them and do not belong to any one atom there is a sea of freely moving electrons this allows metals to flex into sheets or wires without breaking very strong bonds high melting and boiling points conducts electricity well

Chapter 6.2 – Ionic and Covalent Bonding polyatomic ion – a group of covalently bonded atoms that have a charge form ionic bonds and ionic compounds with other atoms acts as a single ion in a compound polyatomic ions can be positive or negative polyatomic ions can combine with other ions or other polyatomic ions

Chapter 6.2 – Ionic and Covalent Bonding when more than one of a specific polyatomic ion appears in a compounds name put parentheses around (NH4)2S Al2(SO4)3 Fe3(PO4)2 the charge of a polyatomic ion applies to the whole ion many polyatomic ions have oxygen in them polyatomic ions with many oxygen atoms end with –ate polyatomic ions with few oxygen atoms end with -ite