1 History & Future Of The ASCM

2 First ASCM Battle  1967 Four STYX fired at INS Eilat (ex HMS Zealous) Three Hit, One missed lack of target - Ship Sunk Styx Komar Eilat

3 Sinking of Orit 1970  Four STYX fired at Israeli fishing boat  Within Port Said Harbor Near miss sank Small wooden Vessel Showed limited capability to Attack small targets

4 2 Paki Destroyers Khaibar & Badr and one Minesweeper Muhafiz 9 Styx Launch 8 Hit target Both Land & Sea British Merchant Oil Storage Tank Karachi Indo-Pakistan War 1971 IN Missile Boats

5 Arab-Israeli War 1973 Battle of Latakia Oct 6 Gabriel Five Saar 4 Sy Minesweeper & Torpedo Boat ISN engaged 3 Gabriel Sy OSA/Komar Fired 8 Styx at Saars ISN Counter Chaff & EA (no Hits) ISN attacked 11 Gabriel 6 Hits

6 Arab-Israeli War 1973 Battle of Baltim Oct 8 Six Saar 4 4 EG OSAs fired 16 Styx ISN Countered Chaff & EA (no Hits) ISN Saar’s Launched 12 Gabriel 6 Hits, 3 OSA Sunk, 1 escaped undamaged into harbor Komar

7 Arab-Israeli War 1973 Second Battle of Latakia Oct 10 Seven Saar 4 3 OSA  Syria used large merchants as Decoys. Dart out to fire missiles  12 Styx fired all deceived by EA  Israel responded with 8 Gabriel 5 hit targets 2 were merchants 2 SY OSAs were sunk

8 Arab-Israeli War 1973 Battle of Tartus Oct 11 Five Saar 4 2 OSA  Syria once again used large merchants as decoys.  3 Styx fired all deceived by EA  Israel launched 8 Gabriel 2 SY OSAs were sunk 2 missiles each  One Soviet Merchant hit 2 missile

9 Arab-Israeli War 1973 Additional Incidents (one side fired No Hits) Oct 6 – 2 Saars Fired 11 Gabriels at 5 EG OSAs OSA ducked back in Alexandria Harbor Oct 7 – 2 SY Komars fired 4 Styx at 5 Saars From Latakia Harbor Oct 12 – 2 EG Komars fired 4 Styx at 3 LST Impacted land Note: 23 of 50 Gabriel hit their Targets (3 Merchants (Soviet)???)

10 Iran-Iraq War USS Stark 55 Exocet Missiles Fired 54 Hit their Target 51 Detonated Properly 13-30k tons 20% Sunk 60% Major Damage 20% Minor Damage K tons (Super Tankers) 60% Major Damage 40% Minor Damage

11 Iran-Iraq War Harpoon Missiles Fired Iran claims sinking 4 Iraqi OSAs Harpoon Combattante II2 OSA

12 Falklands War-1982 Attack on Argentine Patrol Boats May 3 Lynx Firing Sea Skua Somellera 2 British Lynx fired 2 missiles each 4 Hits 1 Sunk 1 Severe Damage Alferez Sobral

13 Falklands War-1982 Attack on HMS Sheffield May 4 Super Etendard  2 Exocets Fired Indiscriminately at British Forces  No Actions Taken to Counter Threat  One Missile Hit (Fail to Detonate) Exocet Sheffield

14 Falklands War-1982 Attack on HMS Ambuscade May 25 Super Etendard  2 Exocets Fired  HMS Launched Chaff  Missile seduced to decoys HMS Ambuscade

15 Falklands War-1982 Attack on HMS Atlantic Conveyor Super Etendard  2 Exocets Fired at HMS Ambuscade  HMS Launched Chaff  Missile seduced to decoys  2 Missile flew thru Chaff hit HMS A.C. HMS Atlantic Conveyor

16 Falklands War-1982 Attack on HMS Avenger May 27 Trailer Launched Exocet  1 Exocet Fired  Missed target  Note: Avenger took no action HMS Avenger

17 Falklands War-1982 Attack on HMS Invincible May 30 With Exocet  1 Exocet Fired  HMS Invincible Launched Chaff  Missile seduced to decoys HMS Invincible Super Etendard

18 Falklands War-1982 Attack on HMS Glamorgan June 11  1 Exocet Fired and Hit  HMS Attempted to shoot down (Sea Cat) No Countermeasures HMS Glamorgan Trailer Launched Exocet Sea Cat The Result

19 Battle of Sidra Nanuchka II Combattante II Harpoon  6 Harpoon launched by USS Yorktown and A-6E 3 Hits, 2 Sunk and 3 Misses

20 Operation Praying Mantis 1988 First incident Joshan Harpoon  IR launches Harpoon at US SAG  US Forces detect launch and employ countermeasures  Missile passed down STBD side USS Wainwright thru Chaff Bagley Simpson Wainwright US Responded with 5 Standard Missile (in the Surface-to Surface Mode) all 5 Hit A final US Harpoon Launched but missed Lack of freeboard present

21 Operation Praying Mantis 1988 Second incident Harpoon Sahand O’Brien Strauss Jack Williams A-6E A-6E Fired Harpoon – Hit A-6E and Ship Fired Harpoons Simultaneous Impact Saam Frigate Sunk

22 Persian Gulf War 1991 Sea Dart Firing HMS Gloucester Silkworm USS Missouri  Iraq Fired 2 Silkworm Missiles at USS Missouri  One Flew over Missouri and was Downed by Sea Dart  One Missed

23 Persian Gulf War The Numbers One Harpoon (fired by a Saudi patrol craft at an Iraqi mine laying barge, sinking it) "The Battle of Bubiyan.” The most significant engagement 30 January as several Iraqi ships / boats attempted to flee to Iran. 24 Sea Skua Fired by British Lynx 4-8 Ships Sunk AT SEA IN PORT 38 damaged 49 damaged or sunk 23 severely damaged 33 sunk The Totals Lynx Firing Sea Skua Harpoon

24 The Totals Missiles Fired: 228 Missile Hits:120 Ships Sunk: 35 Missiles Fired at Defended Targets: 125 Number Missiles hard killed: 1

25 Integrated Hard-Kill & Soft-Kill  Tactical Deficiency  There are no sound tactical methods for integrating hard-kill & soft-kill planning/execution in an ASMD environment  Sea Strike Gaps: Integrate IO (non kinetic) & kinetic operations  Sea Shield Gaps: Utilize cross warfare decision aids  Fleet impact today  Many misconceptions at CO/TAO level on employment of integrated capabilities  Warfighters treat ASMD as an either/or situation (i.e hard-kill or soft-kill, but not both)

26 Afloat Dilemma vs. ASCMASCM Hard-kill? Soft-kill? Hard-kill & Soft-kill is the solution! Inbound Threat

27 Project Organization  Sponsor  NIOC Norfolk, coordinated with SWDG  Other Contributors  NWDC, other WCOEs,  staffs  Proposed Lead Developer  Contractor with NIOC-N working closely with SWDG

28 Future Threat RF frequencies below 0.5 GHz or above 18.0 GHz, millimeter wave (MMW). EO/IR systems that use detectors outside the 2.5 to 8 micron visible EO band Hyper frequency agility. Low probability of intercept emissions such as: Spread-spectrum (SS) bandwidths greater than 200 MHz Complex waveforms such as ultra wide bandwidth or chirp Coherent processing techniques: pulse compression, CW,pulse-Doppler CNA Study on LPI and MMW

29 Multiple frequencies (dual-band [I/K] surveillance and targeting radars) Pseudo-random signal structures (frequency, phase, and pulse agile systems that never look same) True, totally random pulse repetition interval/frequency change capability EA systems that deceive or saturate ES systems Low Probability of Intercept con’t Develop Requirements/Capabilities to Solve These Threats

30 History Of The ASCM