Phosphorous Reduction & Manure Management Research in Idaho Mario E. de Haro Martí Dairy/Livestock Environmental Education

Operation of a Struvite Dairy Wastewater Phosphorus Removal System 4 N:24 P: 0 K  Portable Struvite Crystallizer Trailer mounted Continue collaboration with WSU, CSU, Iowa State  Evaluate various wastewater Dairy Wastewater Potato Wastewater WW Sludge Effluent  Acidification Pre-Treatment Struvite (MgNH 4 PO 4 *6 H 2 O)

ORGANIC Dairy Wastewater Phosphorus Removal  Collaboration with Colorado State University  Chemical Process Modification Acetic Acid vs Hydrochloric Acid (pretreatment acidification) Potassium Hydroxide vs Ammonia (reaction catalyst)  Crop Response Theoretical Solubility  Laboratory Greenhouse Trials  Wheat Mg Solution Mg Pum p NH 3 In Mg In Inflow Ph Meter System Flow Meter

Change in Crystal Properties Non-acidified Struvite Acidified Struvite

Crystallization Results

Struvite Crystallization UI Experience Considerations  Experimental conditions  30% TP reduction under normal operation  Up to 50% TP reduction under acidification, increasing chemicals usage  Operating cost to get 50% reduction calculated to be >$2/cow/month  New research needed to lower costs and simplify operation  Option for organic farms?

Phosphorus and Ammonia Removal System for an Openlot Dairy  P removal system using Lime to reduce phosphorous  Similar technology is used on the swine industry  Demonstrate reduction of P loading and NH 3 emissions  P-Removal and Nitrification treatment system for a 2,000-hd dairy

Calcium Phosphate Separation Developed by USDA-ARS Florence, SC Lime (CaCO 3 ) slurry (1 lime: 2 water) CaPO 4 Clarifier Sludge Removal Low P Effluent Overflow 12 ft 6 ft 9 ft SuperSoils System B&B Farm, Clinton, NC

pH probe pH controller Lime pump Lime mixing tank Gravity overflow to clarifier “Dirty” water enters through center Ultrasonic Level Sensor for process control 6 ft 12 ft

Separated Parlor Water Settling Only 1% Lime Slurry 5% Lime Slurry 2.5% Volume 5% Volume 10.2% Volume

Considerations on Phosphorous Separation Using Lime  Very promising results at laboratory level  Up to 84% TP removal on dairy parlor wastewater  Great reduction of odors  50% + TP removal expected on slurry  More research needed on wastewater – slurry – lime concentration combinations  Amount to use on a big dairy and cost of lime is a limiting factor today

Effect of the Installation of an Anaerobic Digester on Farmstead Air Emissions  6-mo. Pre and Post Digester Construction/Operation May – December, 2007 (Pre) April – December, 2008 (Post)  West Point Dairy, Wendell  UV Sentry Monitoring with WindTrax Emissions Modeling

Fixed UV-DOAS position Mobil UV-DOAS Wind direction during sample period Summer Spring, Fall Winter Anaerobic digester Late Summer (low velocity) DEQ 10-m Weather Tower

Emissions Methodology Evaluation  Compare open-area emissions monitoring methods  West Point Dairy  Oct 1 – 7, 2007  UV-DOAS  FTIR  Wind Tunnel w/ chemiluminescence  NH 3 Denuder  Passive NH 3  Mass-balance & existing table values

Fly Larvae Utilization of Manure  Soldier Fly Larvae  Utilize manure solids as larval feed source  When larvae are ready to crystallize, they crawl out and away from manure (self- harvesting!!)  Harvested larvae are dried and used as protein supplement for trout production  2 years project

Foot Bath Copper Removal Systems for Idaho Dairies  Laboratory (Year 1) Pilot scale systems design and construction  Electro-coagulation  Electrolysis Evaluation with varying copper concentrations and field collected wastewaters  Field Tests (Year 2) Footbath system Six month test  Economic Evaluation Installation cost Operating cost

Hose-Drag Land Application: A Water & Air Quality Evaluation Broadcast Aerway Sweep Injection