Elements of Art FORM 1 Presentation by J. Sikes, 2007 Illustrated by the Works of Michelangelo

2 Michelangelo was an artist during the

"However rich I may have been, I have always lived like a poor man." 3

Italian sculptor, architect, painter, and poet 4

Michelangelo’s Life Born March 6, 1475 in Caprese, Italy Mother died when he was six Grew up without affection Father wanted him to be a merchant 5

“When I told my father that I wish to be an artist, he flew into a rage, --- “artists are laborers, no better than shoemakers." 6

Michelangelo’s Youth Apprenticed at age 12 to painter in Florence Lived with ruling Medici family in their palace Started working as a sculptor under Donatello Sculpted Bacchus 7

Michelangelo wanted to learn about anatomy by studying corpses. This was forbidden by the Catholic Church. He made an agreement with the Church that he could study cadavers in return for a carved wooden crucifix. Studying bodies made him ill many times. 8

Michelangelo was a master painter but his true passion was sculpting. 9

For Michelangelo, the job of the sculptor was to free the forms that were already inside the stone. He believed that every stone had a sculpture within it, and that the work of sculpting was simply a matter of chipping away all that was not a part of the statue. 10

Michelangelo’s Pieta A marble sculpture in St. Peter’s Basilica in Vatican City, Rome, Italy. It was the first of a number of works of the same theme by Michelangelo. 11

Pieta’ Saint Peter's Basilica, Rome, Italy Note the lines in the sculpture. 12

He was commissioned to portray David as a symbol of Florentine freedom. Michelangelo responded by completing his most famous work, David in

Michelangelo’s David David, sculpted from 1501 to 1504, is a masterpiece of Renaissance sculpture and one of Michelangelo's two greatest works of sculpture 14

David 15

Original Location The original “David” now stands in an art gallery in Florence, Italy. This is a copy standing in the original location of the David, in front of the Palazzo Vecchio, Florence. 16

Michelangelo did not want to paint. He preferred sculpture. Pope Julius II insisted he paint the ceiling of the Sistine Chapel. It became Michelangelo’s greatest work. There he painted scenes from the Old Testament. 17

Sistine Chapel His Sistine Chapel The composition eventually contained over 300 figures and had at its center nine episodes from the Book of Genesis, divided into three groups:- God's Creation of the Earth, God's Creation of Humankind and their fall from God's grace, and lastly, the state of Humanity as represented by Noah and his family. On the pendentives supporting the ceiling are painted twelve men and women who prophesied the coming of the Jesus. They are seven prophets of Israel and five Sibyls, prophetic women of the Classical world. 18

Doors of the Sistine Chapel 19 The Sistine Chapel is part of the official residence of the Pope in Vatican City, Rome, Italy. The architecture is supposed to be similar to that of Solomon’s Temple.

The Sistine Chapel 20

Fresco 21 A fresco is a painting done on wet plaster The Banishing of Adam and Eve from the Garden of Eden

Pendentive A pendentive is a constructive device permitting the placing of a circular dome over a square room or an elliptical dome over a rectangular room. 22

The Ceiling of the Sistine Chapel Note: 10 of the twelve pendentives 9 scenes from Genesis. 23

God creates the Sun and Moon 24

The Face of God 25

God and Adam 26

Hands of God and Adam Adam 27

God Creates Eve 28

David and Goliath 29

Jeremiah 30

Jonah 31

Joel 32

Isaiah 33

Pope Julius II commissioned him to build a magnificent tomb. Michelangelo worked on it for years, but did not finish the 40 statues ordered. Michelangelo had to constantly stop work on the tomb in order to accomplish numerous other tasks. Because of these interruptions, Michelangelo worked on the tomb for 40 years. The tomb, of which the central feature is Michelangelo's statue of Moses, was never finished to Michelangelo's satisfaction 34

Moses, the centerpiece of Pope Julius II’s tomb When finishing the Moses in Rome, Michelangelo violently hit the knee of the statue with a hammer, shouting, "Why don't you speak to me?" 35

Michelangelo was commissioned to make the tombs for the Medici family. 36

Statues of the Medici brothers 37

Pope Paul VII Farnese asked him to paint a fresco of the Last Judgment above the alter of the Sistine Chapel. It would be the largest painting in the world at that time. 38

Above the Alter of the Sistine Chapel 39

The Last Judgment 40

The work is massive and spans the entire wall behind the altar of the Sistine Chapel. The Last Judgment is a depiction of the second coming of Christ and the apocalypse; where the souls of humanity rise and are assigned to their various fates, as judged by Christ, surrounded by the Saints. 41

Michaelangelo’s Architectural Contributions Dome at St. Peter’s Basilica in Rome The Pilaster 42

Dome of Saint Peter’s Basilica at the Vatican in Rome Michelangelo was named the chief architect for St. Peter’s Basilica and drew the design for its dome. However he died before it was completed. Michelangelo’s design 43

A pilaster is a slightly-projecting column built into or onto a wall. A pilaster is a flattened or abbreviated column that is in "low-relief” or flat against the wall. The pilaster is an architectural element of classical architecture and is used to give the appearance of a supporting column, with only an ornamental function. 44

Giant Order of Pilasters Louvre (eastern facade) Museum in Paris In Classical architecture, a giant order is an order whose columns or pilaster span two (or more) stories 45

Michelangelo’s last years were spent chiseling a last pieta. He wrote his best poetry near the end of his life. He was buried in Florence, Italy. 46

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Michelangelo died and his body was put in a sarcophagus in Rome. His nephew sneaked his body out of Rome and buried it in Florence where he wanted to be buried. 48

Michelangelo's own tomb, at Basilica di Santa, Florence, Italy 49

REVIEW Two of Michelangelo’s best-known works, the Pieta and the David, were sculpted before he turned thirty. Despite his low opinion of painting, Michelangelo also created two of the most influential works in fresco in the history of Western art: the Scenes from Genesis on the ceiling and The Last Judgment on the altar wall of the Sistine Chapel in Rome. Later in life he designed the dome of St. Peter’s Basilica in the same city and revolutionized classical architecture with his invention of the giant order of pilasters 50

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