The Effective Scientific Presentation Blake Papsin

Introduction goals connect with your audience direct and hold attention promote understanding and memory psychological principles

Introduction interpose perceptual and cognitive psychology i.e. figure/ground viewer extracts this way presenter presents this way

Visual Attention saccades scan visual environment many factors involved industry knows this motivation important

Visual Attention saccades scan visual environment many factors involved industry knows this motivation important

Presentation Goals and Underlying Principles  connect principle of relevance principle of appropriate knowledge  direct and hold attention principle of salience principle of discriminability principle of perceptual organization  promote understanding and memory principle of compatibility principle of informative changes principle of capacity limitations

Principle of Relevance enough information to transfer the message figure in relation to ground cognitive dissonance not all the work you did!

Cochlear Implant in Children with Normal Cochlear Anatomy we implanted normal children for 5 years mean age (Std. Dev.= 2.34, range ) 64 males:62 females 7.6 % complication rate (3.2% major, 4.4% minor) one device type in all but 4 other medical illness in 17% (one had IDDM) 3 had siblings with deafness, subsequently determined to be connexin mutations Papsin BC, Bailey CM, Albert DA, Bellman SC: Surgical aspects of paediatric cochlear implantation. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology 1997: 1.11: pp deJong A, Nedzelski J, Papsin BC: Surgical outcomes of paediatric cochlear implantation: The Hospital for Sick Children's experience. Journal of Otolaryngology 1998: 27(1): pp Gysin C, Papsin BC, Daya H, Nedzelski J: Surgical outcome after paediatric cochlear implantation: Diminution of complications with the evolution of new surgical techniques. Journal of Otolaryngology 2000: 29(5): pp

Principle of Appropriate Knowledge identify you audience build on their prior knowledge jargon short forms attach to known concepts expand from known to unknown

Cochleovestibular Anomalies 103 (35%) of implanted children had anom. cochleovestibular anatomy Cochleovestibular Anomalies Number cc 8 hc 16 ip 42 vae 37 bilateral sequential straight electode – cc deformity

Principle of Salience attention drawn to large perceptual changes size, colour, motion, brightness superior colliculus – attentional reflex (shifting attention develops later) relative to other elements works with pitch and loudness too*

Principle of Salience when you read THIS, “this” is salient but WHEN YOU READ THIS, “THIS” IS NO LONGER SALIENT

Principle of Salience when you read THIS, “this” is salient but WHEN YOU READ THIS, “THIS” IS NO LONGER SALIENT

.....suppose I am trying desperately to get you to want to understand information essential to the concept being presented...tell me what would be the best way you would try to pull information from a series of data points and form a story.

Summary Data as a Function of Cochleovestibular Anomaly

Principle of Discriminability two properties must differ by a large enough proportion or they will not be distinguished lateral inhibition increases contrast – perceive edges

Lateral Inhibition the capacity of an excited neuron to reduce the activity of its neighbours sharpens edges

Lateral Inhibition (White Illusion)

Salience vs. Discriminability Barcelona Bologna score

Salience vs. Discriminability Barcelona Bologna score

Salience vs. Discriminability Barcelona Bologna score

Speech Perception Tests in Anomalous Cochleae

Principle of Perceptual Organization humans group elements into units increase capacity/enhance memory group elements/group concepts laws of “grouping” psychological and perceptual

Psychological Grouping Laws proximity similarity continuation good form common fate XXX vs. XX XX XX

Psychological Grouping Laws proximity similarity continuation good form common fate

Psychological Grouping Laws proximity similarity continuation good form common fate vs.

Pediatric BAHA

Inter-Stage Interval and Age

Psychological Grouping Laws proximity similarity continuation good form common fate [_ _] vs. ][ _ _

Psychological Grouping Laws proximity similarity continuation good form common fate

GJB2 and Non-GJB2 Apex to Base Apex Base

GJB2 and Non-GJB2 Apex to Base

Principle of Compatibility message is easiest to understand if it’s form is compatible with its meaning images/text support each other common sense large SMALL

Unilateral SNHL Hearing Loss

Percentage of Vote for Political Parties by State

Flow Diagram for Investigating SNHL in Children identify child OAE testing ABR if failed refer to ENT audiology prescribes hearing aids

Principle of Informative Changes changes in properties carry information colour consistency animation (sounds) information without meaning = distraction minimize ambiguity

Cochlear Implant in Children with Normal Cochlear Anatomy we implanted normal children for 5 years mean age (Std. Dev.= 2.34, range ) 64 males:62 females 7.6 % complication rate (3.2% major, 4.4% minor) one device type in all but 4 other medical illness in 17% (one had IDDM) 3 had siblings with deafness, subsequently determined to be connexin mutations Papsin BC, Bailey CM, Albert DA, Bellman SC: Surgical aspects of paediatric cochlear implantation. The Journal of Laryngology and Otology 1997: 1.11: pp deJong A, Nedzelski J, Papsin BC: Surgical outcomes of paediatric cochlear implantation: The Hospital for Sick Children's experience. Journal of Otolaryngology 1998: 27(1): pp Gysin C, Papsin BC, Daya H, Nedzelski J: Surgical outcome after paediatric cochlear implantation: Diminution of complications with the evolution of new surgical techniques. Journal of Otolaryngology 2000: 29(5): pp

Age at diagnosis, by severity & route to diagnosis (N=613 with HAs)

Principle of Capacity Limitations limited capacity to retain and process information four units is ideal chunking (automating) first and last best retained too much work to decipher = lost attention

Short Term Memory

Summary Data as a Function of Cochleovestibular Anomaly

Special Considerations - Colour not a linear growth colour blindness 8% of males, 0.5% of females

We wanted to study our group of children with abnormal cochleae and see if they do as well as normal children

Special Considerations - Colour circular not linear use colours well separated avoid red/blue avoid red/green warm colours to the foreground

Conclusions anomalous cochleae: many varieties comparable outcome* associated with: increased surgical challenge higher rate of complication

Conclusions anomalous cochleae: many varieties comparable outcome* associated with: increased surgical challenge higher rate of complication

Special Considerations make sure movies work know your dais (pointer, slide advancer etc.) watch your time pace your talk tell a story