Tokugawa Japan Powerpoint for EAST111

Historical overview Aristocratic Society –Yamato state formation –Heijo (Nara), Heian (Kyoto) Warrior Society –Kamakura, Ashikaga, Tokugawa (Edo) Modern Society (“emperor system”)

Pre-Edo fort (16th c. Sengoku period)

Tokugawa era, "Japan at the End of the Edo Period," Felix Beato (Yokohama Archives of History Collection)

Oda Nobunaga Toyotomi Hideyoshi Tokugawa Ieyasu Images from “D-project”

Hideyoshi--forerunner Sword hunt Land survey Implication? –Separation of samurai and commoner –Four class system ( Artisan, Merchant, Peasant, Samurai--order?) Toyotomi Hideyoshi by ISHIKAWA Mitsuaki. Univ. Art Mueum, Tokyo Nat’l University of Fine Arts and Music. Samurai Peasant Artisan Merchant

4 status system Samurai –Ruling class, 10% of population Peasant –Agrarian-based society/economy Artisan Merchant Artisan Peasant Merchant Samurai

Other Four-class systems Chinese: –Scholar official –Peasant –Artisan –Merchant Choson Korea –Yangban –Peasant –Artisans –“lowborn”

Other mechanisms of control Ideological –Categorization of daimyo and Four-class system –Neo-Confucianism and Buddhism –Sacralization of founder--Nikko –Imperial patronage –Int’l relations Alternate attendance Regulation of daimyo marriages Levies and assignments-- repair, rebuild One castle/one domain Re-investiture on daimyo inheritance Threat of expropriation

Tokugawa-era castletown Brown=high-ranking Samurai Tan=lower-level samurai Orange/yellow=merchant areas Blue=shrines and temples

Implications Alternate attendance Regulation of daimyo marriages Levies and assignments-- repair, rebuild One castle/one domain Re-investiture on daimyo inheritance Threat of expropriation Sword hunt, land survey, and four-class system Ideological Financial? Commercial? Social? Cultural?

The Sekisui map of Japan, 1783 The Whole Map of Japan. Nagakubo Sekisui and Osei Soya One of the first maps published in Japan to have the meridians and parallels as well as the scale of distance clearly marked. Sekisui consultated many sources, beginning with maps made by the shogunate, before drafting his own map. The "Sekisui map" became the authoritative map of Japan for the next ninety years until the fall of the Tokugawa regime. From the Yale University Library Map Collection. URL: – m

Troubles within Urbanization Commercialization Bureaucratization Peasant disturbances Samurai intellectual discourse

Samurai and attendant

Peter Duus, “Weapons of the weak, weapons of the strong:-- the development of the Japanese political cartoon.” Journal of Asian Studies 60.4 (Nov. 2001).

Satsuma residence in Edo

Satsuma samurai at Heian (Kyoto) temple

From Shogun to Emperor Tokugawa Ieyasu Shogun Meiji emperor 1868