What were Pericles’ goals for Athens, and how did he achieve them? Warm-Up What were Pericles’ goals for Athens, and how did he achieve them?

Ruler of the World WHI/Valli Alexander the Great Ruler of the World WHI/Valli

Setting the Stage The Peloponnesian War has ended. Both Sparta and Athens, and most of the other city-states, had weakened defenses resulting from the extended fighting (27 years) of the Peloponnesian War.

Philip II Conquers Greece Philip II, King of Macedon, conquered nearby lands, then turned to Greek city-states Greeks were weak and disorganized after Peloponnesian War Philip II conquered most of Greece by 338 BCE (know this date!) His dictatorial rule ended Greek democracy Used the Phalanx with Sarissas, then calvary to beat enemies 23-year-old King Philip II of Macedonia planned an empire Had been hostage in Greek city of Thebes, learned tactics Saw advantage of full-time professional army, not citizen army Philip built professional army; devised new formations, tactics Experimented with combining cavalry and infantry, used new weapons Used battering ram on gates, catapults to hurl stones at enemy walls

A "sarissa" was an 18-ft. long spear used by the Macedonians A "sarissa" was an 18-ft. long spear used by the Macedonians. Most other armies at the time utilized a spear only half as long as the sarissa. It ended the era of the Greek "hoplite" warfare.

Who was Phillip II and what did he do? Talk to a Neighbor Who was Phillip II and what did he do? He was the King of Macedon He conquered most of Greece by 338 BCE

Why were the Greek city-states open to an attack by Philip? Talk to your Neighbor Why were the Greek city-states open to an attack by Philip? Because the Peloponnesian War had left Greece weak and disorganized

Alexander Takes Over Philip prepared to attack Persia, but was assassinated in 336 B.C.E. His 20-year-old son, Alexander, quickly took the throne

Alexander’s Parents Olympia Alexander’s mother Philip                                                                                                                                             Olympia Alexander’s mother Philip Alexander’s father

Alexander Defeats Persia Alexander had been tutored by Greek scholars (like Aristotle) & trained in the army Greek city-state of Thebes rebelled and was destroyed by Alexander Alexander moved to Anatolia; attacked and defeated the Persians Alexander turned south and was welcomed as a liberator by Egypt. He was made a Pharaoh. Egyptians were tired of being controlled by the Persians He controlled Persian Empire by 331 B.C.E

Alexander’s Other Conquests Armies reached India’s Indus River Valley in 326 B.C.E. His horse, Bucephalus, was killed there. Alexander wanted to keep going, but armies insisted on turning back Returned to Babylon in 323 B.C.E.; Alexander fell ill, and died at age 32 He had established an empire from Greece to Egypt and the margins of India At his death, Ptolemy took control of Egypt and the remainder of the Empire was divvied up.

Alexander’s Empire

He did not go to China. He went as far as the Indus Valley (India) Talk to your Neighbor Did Alexander conquer China? If not, then how far eastward in Asia did Alexander build his empire? He did not go to China. He went as far as the Indus Valley (India)

CLOSE Complete Classwork—Read and Answer (Individual work) Answers due at the end of class Be neat, if I can’t read it, it gets marked wrong