Welcome October 11, 2010

Agenda  Grammar Review – Quotation Marks  Cause and Effect  Readings for Wednesday  In Class Writing Activity

Quotation Marks “….”  Used to set off material that represents quoted or spoken language.  Periods and commas always go inside quotation marks, even inside single quotes.  The placement of question marks with quotes follows logic. If a question is in quotation marks, the question mark should be placed inside the quotation marks.  She asked, "Will you still be my friend?“  Do you agree with the saying, "All's fair in love and war"?  When you have a question outside quoted material AND inside quoted material, use only one question mark and place it inside the quotation mark.  Did she say, "May I go?"

 Use single quotation marks for quotes within quotes. Note that the period goes inside all quote marks.  He said, "Danielle said, 'Do not treat me that way.'“  Do not use quotation marks with quoted material that is more than three lines in length.  When you are quoting something that has a spelling or grammar mistake or presents material in a confusing way, insert the term sic in italics and enclose it in brackets. Sic means, "This is the way the original material was."  She wrote, "I would rather die then [sic] be seen wearing the same outfit as my sister." Quotation Marks “….”

Cause and Effect  People are generally curious; we want to know why something happened, is happening, or could happen.  People are also generally interested in the results of some event or action.  Analysis of reasons(causes) or results (effects) is causal analysis which can be used to develop a portion or all of a composition.

Cause and Effect  Writers can trace the causes of an effect.  To develop an essay from effect to causes, first writers might discuss the effect (problem, situation) briefly. Then they should explain all the significant causes.  In an essay that traces causes, the writer must make clear the differences between the immediate causes and distant causes.  Here are some topics that can be developed by analyzing the causes of an effect:  Why do so many teenagers commit suicide?  Why do Americans fear old age?  Why do many people like (dislike) the profession they have chosen?  Why do people smoke?

Cause and Effect  Writers can trace the effects of a cause.  In an essay that analyzes the effects of a cause, the writer tells what has happened or what will happen as a result of an event. It is important to distinguish between immediate effects, ultimate effects, and possible effects.  To develop an essay from cause to effect, a writer may first briefly explain the cause.  Here are some topics that can be developed through cause to effect analysis:  Effects of crime on society.  How the media affect election results.  The effects of excessive alcohol use.  The benefits of jogging.  The advantages (or disadvantages) of living on campus.

Strategies  Determine and stay focused on the purpose.  Think rigorously about causes and effects.  Write a thesis that focuses on the causes, the effects, or possibly both (depending on the scope and length of paper)  Choose organizational pattern.  Chronological  Emphatic  Use language that hints at the complexity of the cause- effect relationship.  Avoid absolutes such as “it is obvious…” or “there is no doubt”  Instead use “it is probably or “most likely”

Organizational Pattern  Chronological Order  Writing about causes or effects in the order in which they occurred or will occur.  Emphatic Order  Writing about the causes or effects in order from least to most important.  Reserves the most significant cause or effect for the end.

Before Wednesday  PP in RFC  You must read it before coming to class. Please do not show up and try to read it once you are here.

In Class Writing  Choose ONE of the following and write a brief essay in response.  King argues that horror moves have “a dirty job to do.” They feed the monsters in our psyche. Write a brief essay in which you put this thesis to the test. Describe the first horror movie you ever saw. Then, explain its effect on you. Like King, speculate about the nature of your response (your feelings and/or fantasies) while watching the movie.  King believes that horror movies involve “a very peculiar sort of fun.” Think about other forms of popular entertainment that you think also provide their own strange kind of enjoyment. Choose one of these forms of entertainment and write a brief essay in which you analyze the causes of people’s enjoyment of this type of entertainment. You may endorse or condemn the form of entertainment that you examine.