A Simple Guide to Hazard Identification Bill Bircham Safety, Quality & Environmental Manager Amey Seco Track Renewals

2 Who should identify the hazards? (1) The Team…. …or the Individual?

3 The Individual –Negative Aspects Vast technical competence required Implementing Manager required to take ‘leap of faith’ in individual Perpetuates ‘safety is the Safety Depts problem’ Unlikely to be as comprehensive as team approach therefore questionable sufficiency Output suffers from ‘Not invented here’ attitudes Personal perception may influence judgement Who should identify the hazards? (2)

4 The Individual –Positive Aspects Likely to produce quicker results Less likely to be swayed by ‘peer pressure’ Who should identify the hazards? (3)

5 The Team Approach –Positive Aspects Knowledge required to assess is likely to be available across the variety of positions Judgements and decisions can be made to satisfy a variety of organisational interests Promotes consultation with employees Inclusion of Line Managers builds ownership of the outcome More likely to reflect actual working practices Who should identify the hazards? (4)

6 The Team Approach –Negative Aspects Committee approach can be too slow to react to changes Team dynamics can affect outcome Resource hungry in terms of total hours Who should identify the hazards? (5)

7 Each situation is unique Each will require a different approach Each is dependant upon process complexity Increasing Expertise Required Obvious low hazard or simple process Obvious high hazard or complicated process SupervisorExpert Team Who should identify the hazards? (6)

8 Team Membership Skill requirement must drive membership of assessment teams understanding of assessment method in use knowledge of work processes being assessed understanding of interfaces, both internal and external PLUS The authority to commit necessary resources

9 Structure a brainstorm? How? Brainstorming Rules  Postpone and withhold your judgement of ideas.  Encourage wild and exaggerated ideas.  Quantity counts at this stage, not quality.  Build on the ideas put forward by others.  Every person and every idea has equal worth. –By its very nature a brainstorming session cannot be structured, but it can be ‘guided’.

10 Soliciting Ideas define the problem area or the opportunity area to create ideas for draw up a specific probortunity (problem/opportunity) statement which describes what you are trying to achieve

11 Soliciting Ideas with SCAMPER Substitute Combine Adapt Modify Put to other purposes Eliminate Reverse

12 Brainstorm Ideas How to kill them... …and how to help them

13 Brainstorm Ideas Killing the weak ones! A good idea, but..… –…people won't like it. –…it needs more study. –…let's make a survey first. –…against the company policy. –…the directors won't go for it. –…ahead of its time, people are not ready for it. –…let's sit on it a while. –…we've never done it that way before. Has anyone else tried it successfully?

14 Brainstorm Ideas Helping the good ones! Yes, …. …that's a good idea/point/comment. …great, let's try it. …what resources would we need to do it? …tell me more. …how can we make it work? …can you draw up a plan of action? What can I do to help this happen? …that sounds interesting, tell me more.

15 Beating subjectivity with hazard criteria Have the team define what hazard means to them. Explore various meanings discourage those that are ambiguous refine those that are succinct don’t be afraid to suggest agree and settle on one definition only “A Hazard is something with the potential to cause harm (this can be include substances or machines, methods of work and other aspects of work organisation)” MHSW Regs ACoP

16 Note that we are only examining what could fail, not how often it does, how likely it will do so or the consequences of the failure. Invisible hazards, how to identify what you cannot see. For each element of the possible hazard, consider :- –Is there a source of harm? –Who or what could be harmed? –How could the harm occur? Location People Method Hazard?

17 Invisible hazards, how to identify what you cannot see. Use a simple matrix to record the results Method People Location Source of Harm? Who/what Harmed? How Harm Occurs? Any positive answer means a hazard exists

18 Team hazard spotting Three main hazard types usually missed –Undetectable to unaided eye, need active searching look in, behind, under ask why and what –Transient unsafe behavior, listen to ‘jokes’ –Latent contingent upon other events i.e. breakdown, fire

19 New hazards, what do they look like? Just like the old ones –in different guises Two main causes of new hazards –new process, people or location –previously unknown factor becomes apparent

20 New hazards, How to spot them? The new process, people or location hazard. Continual improvement Initial Status Review OHS Policy Planning Implementation and operation Checking and corrective action Management Review

21 Previously unknown factor becomes apparent hazard –Increased coverage in trade press –publication of consultation document –approach by member of staff / public / customer / supplier –advice forthcoming from HSE / HMRI New hazards, How to spot them?

22 Simple Hazard Identification Tools How effective are they? Several types of tool available –Workplace inspections see what really happens –Job safety survey see what is supposed to happen –Safety Audits measure what happens against what should happen –Accident / incident data analysis measure what went wrong

23 Hazard Identification Tools The professionals choice HAZAN & HAZOP Fault Tree Analysis Event Tree Analysis Failure Mode Effect Analysis