UNIT 3 THE WORLD WAR I ERA CHAPTER 19 THE WORLD WAR I ERA

OBJECTIVES CORE OBJECTIVE: Analyze the causes and effects of World War I. Objective 4.2: What steps led the U.S. entering the war in 1917? THEME: At the beginning of the 20th century, a terrible war begins in Europe that will claim over 8 million lives. After staying neutral for a few years, the United States declared war to support its allies and felt the effects of warfare.

Chapter 19: The World War I Era (1914–1920) America: Pathways to the Present Chapter 19: The World War I Era (1914–1920) Section 1: The Road to War Section 2: The United States Declares War Section 3: Americans on the European Front Section 4: Americans on the Home Front Section 5: Global Peacemaker

Presidents of the United States George Washington; Federalist (1788) John Adams; Federalist (1796) Thomas Jefferson (1800) James Madison (1808) James Monroe (1816) John Quincy Adams (1824) Andrew Jackson; Democrat (1828) Martin Van Buren; Democrat (1836) William Henry Harrison; Whig (1840) John Tyler; Whig (1841) James K. Polk; Democrat (1844) Zachary Taylor; Whig (1848) Millard Fillmore; Whig (1850) Franklin Pierce; Democrat (1852) James Buchanan; Democrat (1856) Abraham Lincoln; Republican (1860) Andrew Johnson; Democrat (1865) Ulysses S. Grant; Republican (1868) Rutherford B. Hayes; Republican (1876) James Garfield; Republican (1880) #21 - … Chester A. Arthur; Republican (1881) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1884) Benjamin Harrison; Republican (1888) Grover Cleveland; Democrat (1892) William McKinley; Republican (1896) Theodore Roosevelt; Republican (1901) William Howard Taft; Republican (1909) #28 - Woodrow Wilson; Democrat (1913)

Chapter 19 SECTION 2 The united states declares war As World War I began and then spread to much of Europe, the United States tried to remain neutral as long as possible.

German Submarine Warfare Germany, France, & Great Britain are in a trench warfare stalemate in 1915 To break a stalemate at sea, Germany began to employ U-boats, submarine ships that traveled under water short for Unterseeboot, the German word for submarine. U-boats, traveling under water, could sink British supply ships with no warning. When the British cut the transatlantic cable, which connected Germany and the United States, only news with a pro-Allied bias was able to reach America. American public opinion was therefore swayed against Germany’s U-boat tactics. WRITE THIS DOWN!

By 1918, Germans had sunk 6,500 allied ships. U-Boats By 1918, Germans had sunk 6,500 allied ships.

Lusitania ad

Sinking ships WRITE THIS DOWN! The Sinking of the Lusitania On May 7,1915, a German U-boat sank the British passenger liner Lusitania, which had been carrying both passengers and weapons for the Allies. Since 128 American passengers had been on board, the sinking brought the United States closer to war. The Sussex Pledge More Americans were killed when Germany sank the Sussex, a French passenger steamship, on March 24,1916. In what came to be known as the Sussex pledge, the German government promised that U- boats would warn ships before attacking, a promise it had made and broken before.

Lusitania

The lusitania History.com video http://www.history.com/videos/u-boats-sink-the-lusitania-in-1915

STEPS TO WAR Submarine Warfare The leading cause of war for the U.S. is German unrestricted submarine warfare On January 31, 1917, Germany announced its intent to end the Sussex pledge and return to unrestricted submarine warfare. This action caused the United States to break off diplomatic relations with Germany. Despite this announcement, the German navy did not attack any American ships in February, causing the United States to continue to hope for peace. The Zimmermann Note During this time, Britain revealed an intercepted telegram to the government of Mexico from Germany’s foreign minister, Arthur Zimmermann. In a telegram, known as the Zimmermann note, Germany offered to return American lands to Mexico if Mexico declared war on the United States. WRITE THIS DOWN!

zimmerman cartoon

The War Resolution The Great War was unpopular in Russia. However, Czar Nicholas II refused to back out. They had lost over 1 million men; government was struggling to economically The Russian Revolution replaced Russia’s autocratic czar with a republican government in March 1917 After the Russian Revolution in March 1917 removed their autocratic government, The U.S. was more willing to join the Allies This removed one more stumbling block to an American declaration of war. Final Steps: Germany sinks 3 American ships in March (Memphis, Illinois, Vigilancia) President Wilson declared that “the world must be safe for democracy.” On April 6, 1917, the President signed Congress’s war resolution, officially bringing the United States into the war. WRITE THIS DOWN!

Steps to war Unrestricted Submarine Warfare The Lusitania The Sussex Pledge Zimmerman Note Russian Revolution 3 U.S. ships sunk WAR DECLARED APRIL 6, 1917

The United States Declares War—Assessment What was the significance of the Lusitania? (A) Its sinking brought America closer to entering the war. (B) The weapons it carried helped Britain gain an advantage. (C) Its crew delivered the Zimmermann note. (D) It inspired the Sussex pledge. Why did the Russian Revolution help bring America into the war? (A) It helped the German navy sink British ships. (B) It caused the deaths of many Americans. (C) It set up a republican government in Russia, an Allied nation. (D) It promised American lands to Mexico in exchange for an invasion.

The United States Declares War—Assessment What was the significance of the Lusitania? (A) Its sinking brought America closer to entering the war. (B) The weapons it carried helped Britain gain an advantage. (C) Its crew delivered the Zimmermann note. (D) It inspired the Sussex pledge. Why did the Russian Revolution help bring America into the war? (A) It helped the German navy sink British ships. (B) It caused the deaths of many Americans. (C) It set up a republican government in Russia, an Allied nation. (D) It promised American lands to Mexico in exchange for an invasion.

CRASH COURSE America in the Great War https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=y59wErqg4Xg&list=PL8dPuuaLj XtMwmepBjTSG593eG7ObzO7s&index=31