Qualities of Living Things What does it mean to be alive??

Benchmarks Compare and classify organisms into major groups on the basis of their structure. (III.2.MS.1) Compare and classify organisms into major groups on the basis of their structure. (III.2.MS.1)

Misconceptions t_alerts_misconceps_lifesci.htm t_alerts_misconceps_lifesci.htm t_alerts_misconceps_lifesci.htm t_alerts_misconceps_lifesci.htm /2943/handouts/misconcept.html#biology /2943/handouts/misconcept.html#biology /2943/handouts/misconcept.html#biology /2943/handouts/misconcept.html#biology

Sing the Science Standards Sing the Science Standards –Living or Non-Living?

Qualities of Living Things ALL of the following must apply. Living things must... move. move. grow and develop and die. grow and develop and die. adapt to their environment. adapt to their environment. respond to stimuli/ are sensitive. respond to stimuli/ are sensitive. excrete wastes. excrete wastes. respire. (breathe) respire. (breathe) reproduce. reproduce. are made of cells. are made of cells. obtain and use energy. obtain and use energy.

Alive???HumanCandle Move?YesYes Grow/develop/d ie? YesYes Respond?YesYes Adapt?YesMaybe Excrete wastes? YesYes Respire?YesYes Reproduce?YesYes Made of Cells? YesNo Obtain/use energy? YesYes

So…… Which is alive???? Is the human alive??? Is the human alive??? Is the candle alive??? Is the candle alive???

Symmetry Bilateral Symmetry Radial Symmetry Asymmetrical 1 line of symmetry dividing an organism into 2 mirror image parts. Many lines of symmetry possible. No lines of symmetry. Example:humanExample: Sea star Example:amoeba

Onward… Now that you know about Qualities of Life, and Symmetry, let’s continue.

Levels of Organization ExampleExample Cells  Nerve cell Bone cell Tissues  Nerve tissue Connective (bone) tissue Organs  Brainbones Organ systems  Central nervous system Skeletal system Organismhumanvertebrate

Levels of Organization Create a chart and fill in the levels of organization chart according to the following information. Create a chart and fill in the levels of organization chart according to the following information.

Level 1 - Cells Are the basic units of structure and function in living things. Are the basic units of structure and function in living things. May serve a specific function within the organism May serve a specific function within the organism Blood cells, nerve cells, bone cells, etc Blood cells, nerve cells, bone cells, etc

Level 2 - Tissues Made up of cells that are similar in structure and function and which work together to perform a specific activity. Made up of cells that are similar in structure and function and which work together to perform a specific activity. Muscle, nerve, connective, epithelial, are the 4 types of tissue in humans. Muscle, nerve, connective, epithelial, are the 4 types of tissue in humans.

Level 3 - Organs Made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity. Made up of tissues that work together to perform a specific activity. Brain, heart, skin Brain, heart, skin

Level 4 – Organ Systems Groups of 2+ organs that work together to perform a specific function for the organism. Groups of 2+ organs that work together to perform a specific function for the organism. Circulatory, nervous, skeletal, digestive, endocrine, excretory, immune, reproductive, respiratory Circulatory, nervous, skeletal, digestive, endocrine, excretory, immune, reproductive, respiratory

The Body Systems… Circulatory-heart, blood, blood vessels, etc. Circulatory-heart, blood, blood vessels, etc. Respiratory-lungs, bronchi, etc. Respiratory-lungs, bronchi, etc. Endocrine-glands, lymph nodes, etc. Endocrine-glands, lymph nodes, etc. Nervous-nerves, spinal cord, brain, etc. Nervous-nerves, spinal cord, brain, etc. Skeletal-bones, connective tissue, etc Skeletal-bones, connective tissue, etc Digestive-esophagus, stomach, liver, etc. Digestive-esophagus, stomach, liver, etc. Excretory-kidney, liver, skin, etc. Excretory-kidney, liver, skin, etc. Immune-white blood cells, lymph, etc. Immune-white blood cells, lymph, etc. Reporoductive- sexual organs, etc. Reporoductive- sexual organs, etc.

Level 5 - Organisms Entire living things that can carry out all basic life processes. Entire living things that can carry out all basic life processes. Usually made up of organ systems, but organisms can also be unicellular. (“uni” means one) Usually made up of organ systems, but organisms can also be unicellular. (“uni” means one) Bacteria, amoeba, mushroom, sunflower, human Bacteria, amoeba, mushroom, sunflower, human

Levels of Organization How will you remember these in order? How will you remember these in order? Cells  Tissues  Organs  Organ systems  Organism

Onward… Before we go any further…. Before we go any further…. Let’s clarify the difference between the terms Heterotrophicand Autotrophic Autotrophic

Heterotrophic Organism that can NOT manufacture their own food. Organism that can NOT manufacture their own food. Get their energy from eating other organisms. Get their energy from eating other organisms. Example: Animals of all kinds. Example: Animals of all kinds.

Autotrophic Organism that CAN manufacture it’s own food. Organism that CAN manufacture it’s own food. Create their food from sunlight, or chemical means. Create their food from sunlight, or chemical means. Example: Plants of all kinds. Example: Plants of all kinds.

Kingdoms… Now that you know the difference between Autotrophic and Heterotrophic, we can begin to discuss the 5 kingdoms that all life is divided into. Now that you know the difference between Autotrophic and Heterotrophic, we can begin to discuss the 5 kingdoms that all life is divided into. Did you know that every living organism can be classified into one of the 5 kingdoms. Did you know that every living organism can be classified into one of the 5 kingdoms.

The 5 Kingdoms of Life Monera Monera Protista Protista Fungi Fungi Plantae Plantae Animalia Animalia

Kingdom Monera(bacteria) Unicellular Unicellular No nucleus No nucleus Heterotrophic or autotrophic Heterotrophic or autotrophic Most primitive Most primitive Most numerous Most numerous Example: bacteria Example: bacteria 3 shapes of bacteria Spirilli Bacillu s Cocci Spiral shaped Rod shaped Sphere shaped

Kingdom Protista (protists) Unicellular Unicellular With nucleus With nucleus Autotrophic or heterotrophic Autotrophic or heterotrophic Examples: Examples: Amoeba/ diatom Amoeba/ diatom 3 ways Protists Move CiliaFlagellum Pseudo- podia Small hairlike oars Long whiplike Streaming protoplasm (False foot) Parame cium EuglenaAmoeba

Kingdom Fungi Unicellular or Multicellular Unicellular or Multicellular Have nuclei Have nuclei Heterotrophic (can’t make it’s own food) Heterotrophic (can’t make it’s own food) Cell wall contains chitin. Cell wall contains chitin. Examples: mushroom, yeast Examples: mushroom, yeast

Kingdom Plantae Multicellular Multicellular Have nuclei Have nuclei Autotrophic (makes it’s own food) Autotrophic (makes it’s own food) Cell wall contains cellulose. Cell wall contains cellulose. Examples: grass, corn, tree Examples: grass, corn, tree

Kingdom Animalia Multicellular Multicellular Have nuclei Have nuclei Heterotrophic (can’t make it’s own food) Heterotrophic (can’t make it’s own food) Examples: spider, bird, human Examples: spider, bird, human

Remember those Kingdoms… Now create a mnemonic to remember the Kingdoms of life, and Draw a picture to make it easier for you to remember these kingdoms. Draw a picture to make it easier for you to remember these kingdoms.

Oh yes! Another list to remember… Are you ready????

Classification of Life Every organism can be considered part of 1 of the 5 kingdoms, but the kingdom is only the broadest of the classification categories. Every organism can be considered part of 1 of the 5 kingdoms, but the kingdom is only the broadest of the classification categories. Every organism also has a much longer classification name. Every organism also has a much longer classification name. This classification name gives clues as to how organisms are related to each other. This classification name gives clues as to how organisms are related to each other.

Classification of Life Kingdom Kingdom Phylum Phylum Class Class Order Order Family Family Genus Genus Species Species ***Make a mnemonic to remember levels of classification in order. Then draw a picture of your mnemonic so that you will remember it.

Compare a lion to a human… LionHuman KingdomAnimaliaAnimalia PhylumChrodataChordata ClassMammaliaMammalia OrderCarnivoraPrimate FamilyFelidaeHomo GenusPantheraSapiens Speciesleosapiens

Classification of Life Do you see how they share the same Kingdom, Phylum and Class, but begin to differ at the Order level? Do you see how they share the same Kingdom, Phylum and Class, but begin to differ at the Order level? This shows that we are more closely related to lions than Pine Trees, because they would be an entirely different kingdom. This shows that we are more closely related to lions than Pine Trees, because they would be an entirely different kingdom.

5 Kingdoms of Life AnimaliaPlantaeFungiMoneraProtist Kingdom Phylum Class Order Family Genus Species Classification of Organisms How this fits together…

Classification of Life Any organism from any Kingdom can be classified in a similar manner. Relationship to other organisms is based on how similar/different they are according to their structure.

Classification Genus & Species When we refer to an animal, many times they are referred to only by their genus and species names. When we refer to an animal, many times they are referred to only by their genus and species names. The genus name is ALWAYS capitalized. The genus name is ALWAYS capitalized. The species name is NEVER capitalized. The species name is NEVER capitalized.