Animal identification and traceability Badi Besbes Animal Production and Health Division Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations

AITS: Key Definitions Animal identification means the combination of the identification and registration of an animal individually, with a unique identifier, or collectively by its epidemiological unit or group, with a unique group identifier Traceability/product tracing is the ability to follow the movement of food through specified stage(s) of production, processing and distribution (Codex) Traceability is the ability to follow an animal (or group of animals) during all stages of its life (OIE)

Drivers of animal identification Theft control A serious problem in Africa (e.g. Kenya, Tanzania, South Africa, Senegal, Cameroun, RCA, Chad...) Proof of ownership Prevention & control of animal diseases 12 of the 15 diseases in List A of the OIE are endemic in sub- Saharan Africa Genetic improvement Farm management Biodiversity management  RPLRP Component 3 - Livelihood Support. activities under this component will be of a national nature such as […] animal health, breed improvement 3

Drivers of traceability: Trade opportunities (WTO SPS Agreement) trade certification and access to lucrative markets Only few African countries (Botswana, Namibia, Swaziland) can export livestock products to Europe Countries in the Horn of Africa export livestock to the Arabic Peninsula, but… Ensure fair practices in food trade (WTO TBT Agreement) protect from deceptive practices and fraud in the market place and unsubstantiated product claims (e.g. geographic indication, food quality) Regional trade faces high competition with imported frozen beef meat RPLRP Component 2 - Market Access and Trade. The major objective of this component will be to support the harmonization of […] certification systems, SPS standards, and animal identification and traceability systems.

Drivers for traceability Risk management including in emergency situations Enable to trace identified hazards (e.g. animal transmissible diseases and zoonosis) back to their source Assess potential dissemination of these hazards for effective control Protect public health identify, trace and control animal movements identify, trace and recall unsafe foods (and feeds) at any stage of the food production and distribution chain Safety and quality standards also concern animal products consumed and traded on national and regional markets  RPLRP Component 4 - Pastoral Risk Management. promote activities aimed at harmonizing i) the response to disasters; ii) livestock identification;

The concept of AITS Location/ Keeper/Owner Identification and Registration Animal Identification and Registration Database Movement Reporting

Challenges with pastoral herds What is a location? Village, epidemiological unit(s)/zones, pastures, common grazing areas Who to register? Keeper or/and owner Who else (local authorities, dealers, transporters)? Who identify and register the animals Keeper, Veterinarian, Agent Who capture the data and how? Electronically, paper forms On the spot or in a data entry center Offline or online What ID device to use? brand, Ear tags, EID, etc When and who notify animals movements? Notify a movement: > x km; change of Epid. zone, level of risk, permit is required, departure/arrival(?)... Notify authorities of intended route and expected duration of movement, prior to departure Owners, local authorities In West Africa, animals coming from Mali, going through BF, go to Ghana and then move back. There are check points (vets) and permit developed by ECOWAS Movement permits (that indicate the # of animals) exist in most countries  integrate them in AITS

Registration of birth and movements in the database Scope and types of AITS Core functionalities (1) Registration of locations (holdings, establishments, owners, keepers) (2) Animal Identification and Registration Key characteristics Form of ID Registration of birth and movements in the database Cost Type I Full Individual ID Recording from birth to exit (slaughter, death) Type II Partial Recording starting with departure from birth farm to exit (slaughter, death) Type III Recording starting with entering special holdings or markets to exit Type IV Basic Group ID Type V No recording of movements during animal lifetime, reporting of death or slaughter Type II is animal health orientated Type III is trade orientated

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Strategic approach (Section II) Animal Identification and Registration (Section III) Animal Traceability (Section IV) Animal Health Information (Section V) Performance recording (Section VI) Implementing the Strategic Plan (Section IX) Evaluating Investment Decisions (Section IX) Developing the Legal Framework (Section X) Background and rationale (Section I) Designing and Developing the IT system (Section VIII) Developing the Strategic Plan (Section VII) Developing the Concept Putting g the Concept into practice Setting the Scene Guidelines for the development of integrated multipurpose animal recording system