Objectives Discuss the reasons for tension between the United States and France. Describe the main provisions of the Alien and Sedition acts. Explain how controversy arose over states’ rights.

Focus: Wednesday, January 30 Benchmark LA 7.1.6.8 Student will determine the main idea or essential message in grade-level or higher texts through inferring, paraphrasing, summarizing, and identifying relevant details. Review: Read first paragraph, pg. 297 Based on the third paragraph, what is the meaning of the word emphasize? A. essential B. accentuate C. loudly D. state Write the ULG in your Student Progress Chart.-E-(2-3)

Objective-Unit Learning Goal Students will be able to assess the struggles during John Adam’s Presidency and the Alien and Sedition Acts with 90% accuracy. EQ: How did Americans respond to the internal and external challenges of creating a new Nation? Write the ULG in your Student Progress Chart.- E-(2-3)

Terms and People alien – an outsider or someone from another country sedition – activity designed to overthrow a government nullify – to deprive of legal force states’ rights – the idea that the union binding “these United States” is an agreement between the states and that they therefore can overrule federal law

How did problems with France intensify the split between the Federalists and the Republicans? John Adams succeeded Washington as President in 1796. Adams immediately faced a crisis over relations with France.

The French snubbed a U.S. diplomat and attacked U.S. ships. Recent actions by American leaders provoked angry responses from the French people. The French snubbed a U.S. diplomat and attacked U.S. ships. U.S. neutrality the Jay Treaty

Daily Agenda Read: Text-298-301-Thinking Map-Sequence (Flo-map) Critical thinking: Analyze the problem-What was the conflict with XYZ affair? Why do you think it angered Americans so much? With your group, discuss the issues Adams faced during his presidency. Could Adams have handled the Sedition and XYZ acts differently?

In 1797, Adams sent a mission to France In 1797, Adams sent a mission to France. This led to a scandal known as the XYZ Affair. French agents demanded that the U.S. pay them a large bribe. bribe $$ The Americans refused. The French agents were anonymously known as X, Y, and Z.

The XYZ Affair caused war fever in America. Adams asked Congress to increase the size of the army and rebuild the navy. From 1798–1800, the United States fought an undeclared naval war with France.

Adams opposed a full-scale war with France. He sent a new mission to France to meet with dictator Napoleon Bonaparte. In 1800, Napoleon agreed to stop seizing American ships. Adams had avoided war.

In 1798, war fever drove Federalists to pass laws to destroy their political opponents. aliens Republicans The Alien Act was directed at aliens, such as immigrants. The Sedition Act targeted Republicans.

Alien Act Increased the duration, from 5 to 14 years, that a person had to live in the U.S. to become a citizen. Gave the President power to deport or imprison any alien considered dangerous.

Sedition Act The harshest law limiting free speech ever passed in the U.S. Made it a crime for anyone to write or say anything insulting or false about the President, Congress, or the government.

Arguments for State’s Rights Arguments for Federal Power Passage of the Alien and Sedition acts renewed the debate over federal versus state power. Arguments for State’s Rights Arguments for Federal Power The federal government derives its power from rights given to it by the states. Because the states created the United States, individual states have the power to nullify a federal law. The federal government derives its power from rights given to it by the American people. States have no power to nullify federal laws. States cannot revoke federal powers set forth in the Constitution.

Republicans fought the Alien and Sedition acts. Kentucky and Virginia passed resolutions that declared the acts unconstitutional. These state resolutions had little immediate impact, but the Alien and Sedition acts did not last long. The Sedition Act expired in 1801. The waiting period to become a citizen was restored to 5 years in 1802.

The resolutions also boosted the idea of states’ rights. The Virginia and Kentucky resolutions were far more important than the laws that provoked them. They claimed that states could nullify a law passed by Congress. The resolutions also boosted the idea of states’ rights.

Reading Skill: Identify Cause and Effect Causes • French angry over U.S. neutrality, Jay treaty • France snubs U.S. diplomat, attacks U.S. ships Effect/Cause • Adams sends ministers to France • XYZ Affair: French agents demand U.S. ministers pay bribe Effect/Cause • Effect • Causes • War fever grips nation • Effect/Cause • Effect/Cause • Effect •

Daily Agenda Discuss With your Group: Critical thinking: Analyze the problem-What was the conflict with XYZ affair? Why do you think it angered Americans so much? With your group, discuss the issues Adams faced during his presidency. Could Adams have handled the Sedition and XYZ acts differently?

Let’s Discuss. . . Turn to your partner and discuss one thing about today’s objective and ULG you are sure about. Now discuss one thing you are not clear about or may need some extra help to understand. Where do you think you are in today's learning goal scales? Why?

Reading Skill: Identify Cause and Effect Causes • French angry over U.S. neutrality, Jay treaty • France snubs U.S. diplomat, attacks U.S. ships Effect/Cause • Adams sends ministers to France • XYZ Affair: French agents demand U.S. ministers pay bribe Effect/Cause • Adams asks Congress for bigger navy • U.S.-France fight undeclared naval war Effect • Napoleon agrees to stop seizing U.S. ships • War avoided Causes • War fever grips nation • Federalists and Republicans fierce opponents Effect/Cause • Congress passes Alien and Sedition Acts Effect/Cause • Republicans pass Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions Effect • Kentucky and Virginia Resolutions boost arguments for nullification and states’ rights

Home Learning- Summary Use the notes from your thinking map to write your summary(on the back). Summarize John Adam’s Presidency and the struggles he faced.

Reflection Have a nice day Where do you think you are on today’s Unit learning goal? Rate yourself 1-4. (1- I did not try very hard-and do not understand the lesson and 4- I gave it my best-and understand today’s lesson) To move up a level, what do you think you need to do? Are you clear about the lesson so far? Are you confused about anything? Is there anything you can do to enhance your learning today? Write your reflection answering all questions/below your summary. Complete your student progress chart Have a nice day