Acknowledgement: The outline for this presentation was developed by: Implicit Bias Acknowledgement: The outline for this presentation was developed by:

Starr Rayford Leslie Richards-Yellen 312-704-3000 www.hinshawlaw.com

Definition Implicit: means that we are either unaware or mistaken about the source of the thought or feeling.

Warning: You will feel a bit uncomfortable – go with it Notice your defensiveness and accept discomfort of unlearning and relearning Keep an open mind and listen first

Goal: Think about adopting personal strategies to diminish your personal bias

Our Personal Experiences with Bias Personalize by having panelists tell short story that demonstrates how bias exhibited by another affected their prospects or how bias they exhibited affected others

Am I biased?

Yes Whether we are female/male, affluent/not affluent, black/white/Hispanic/Asian/Native American/immigrant, gay/straight, disabled/abled, older/younger

Examples of Automatic Attitude Directed Toward Social Group Standing Distance Eye Contact Judgment of Facial Expression Speaking Time

Example of what IAT tests Say the Color PURPLE YELLOW RED ORANGE GREEN BLACK BLUE

Say the Color YELLOW BLUE ORANGE BLACK RED GREEN PURPLE

How do I measure my biases?

Take the IAT Implicit Association Test https://implicit.harvard.edu/implicit/demo/takeatest.html Race IAT Gender – Science IAT Age IAT Weight IAT Gender IAT

The IAT Measures implicit reasoning Asked to categorize information quickly Calculates reaction time in milliseconds Calculates accuracy Statistically, speed and accuracy difference meaningfully reflects your cognitive process IAT is an empirical tool to measure bias

Examples of IAT Utilization in Legal Research Guilty/Not Guilty IAT – people implicitly associate Black people = guilty Level of implicit bias predicted the way people evaluated evidence in a criminal trial Unarmed Black men are more likely to be shot than unarmed white men. Low income members of society are frequent targets of discrimination.

How does bias affect the objects of bias and general culture?

Classic social psychology research shows people allocate more resources and report more positive attitudes toward in-group members even when people are randomly assigned to meaningless groups.

Most White Americans Respond faster on IAT when “African American” and “bad” are paired than when “African American” and “good” are paired, reflecting more negative automatic associations with African Americans relative to whites

Study: IAT and Immigration Policy Judgments (Lopez 2010) Are immigration policy judgments (e.g., anti-immigration sentiment) shaped by – Politics? Intolerance towards foreigners? Negative attitudes towards Latinos/Latino immigrants?

Testing “Boys are Better” Stereotype Scenario 1: Female science majors see video of conference with 75% male participation Scenario 2: Video shows conference in which participants are gender balanced

Women Involved in Scenario 1: Felt less “belonging” Less desire to participate Experience more psychological markers related to stress

Familiarity Reduces Sexual Orientation Bias High-contact: People with GLBT friends or family members tend to show less bias against them, both overtly and in implicit bias tests Low-contact: After viewing photos and biographies of famous GLBT individuals, their implicit bias scores were not significantly different from the high-contact group.

Ways to Combat Hidden bias Reframe the conversation Focus on fair treatment and respect Support projects that encourage positive images instead of stereotypes Studies show positive images of specific groups of people can combat hidden bias

Rethink Your: Resistance to Change Tolerance for Inequity

Less Biased People Have a Complex or Conflicted Stance as they Harbor Some Degree of Automatic Bias Along with an Explicit Commitment to Egalitarianism

DON’T: Accept automatic responses as valid and use them to guide judgment Justify any automatic response as a basis for judgment

DO: Be suspicious of automatic responses - suppress, change or modify explicit judgment Try to override automatic reactions in favor of egalitarian explicit responses

Over Time Practice replacing bias with judgments that conform to explicit values Develop strong motivation to avoid prejudice Practicing equalitarian responses will reduce implicit preference to high status groups Change mindset followed by behavioral change Be willing to reject automatic preference

What can I do about an automatic preference that I would rather not have? Good news is that preferences are malleable Seek experiences that can undo or reverse the patterns of experience that created it Read or see information that opposes the implicit preference Interact with people that provide experience that counter the preference Remain alert to the implicit preference and recognize that it may intrude into your judgments and actions Embark on consciously planned actions to compensate for know implicit preferences

See the Squirrel and the Swan

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