French Election: 2007 Concern with Electoral Systems: does the electoral system determine the party system? Concern with Electoral Systems: does the electoral system determine the party system? French Electoral System. French Electoral System. The Presidential Election: Two Rounds The Presidential Election: Two Rounds –Round 1: Many Candidates (2007, 12 candidates). –Round 2: If no majority, two weeks later.  Top 2 candidates Election: “D’Amato Effect.” 2002 Election: “D’Amato Effect.”

D’Amato Effect –Jacques Chirac: center-right (19.88%, 5.7M) –Jean-Marie Le Pen: far right (16.9%, 4.8M) –Lionel Jospin: Socialist (16.2%, 4.6M) Other Left Candidates Other Left Candidates Workers Struggle, 5.7% Revolutionary Communist League, 4.25% Communist Party, 3.4% Citizen Movement, 5.3%* * Socialist, anti-Europe

2002 Election Round 1: Many Candidates. Round 1: Many Candidates. –Jacques Chirac: center-right (19.88%, 5.7M) –Jean-Marie Le Pen: far right (16.9%, 4.8M) –Lionel Jospin: Socialist (16.2%, 4.6M) –But, other left candidates. Arlette Laguiller, Trotskyite (5.7%, 1.6M) Olivier Besancenot, Trotskyite (4.3%, 1.2M) Robert Hue, Communist (3.4%, 1M)

2007 Candidates Major Candidates Major Candidates Nicolas Sarkozy, center-right, UMP Nicolas Sarkozy, center-right, UMP Segolene Royal, Socialist Party Segolene Royal, Socialist Party Francois Bayrou, MoDem, formerly UDF Francois Bayrou, MoDem, formerly UDF Jean-Marie Le Pen, National Front Jean-Marie Le Pen, National Front Other “left” candidates Other “left” candidates Olivier Besancenot, Revolutionary Communist League Olivier Besancenot, Revolutionary Communist League Arlette Laguiller, Workers’ Struggle Arlette Laguiller, Workers’ Struggle Marie-George Buffet, Communist Marie-George Buffet, Communist

2-Round System Does the 2-round system encourage multi- partyism? Does the 2-round system encourage multi- partyism? French saying: “On the 1 st round, vote your heart; one the 2 nd round, vote your strategy.” French saying: “On the 1 st round, vote your heart; one the 2 nd round, vote your strategy.” So, 2 Trotskyite parties + Communist Party + radical “greens.” So, 2 Trotskyite parties + Communist Party + radical “greens.” Hunting Fishing Nature Tradition (4.2%) Hunting Fishing Nature Tradition (4.2%) Syndicalist Party (anti-globalization). Syndicalist Party (anti-globalization).

Protest Voting: 2002 Workers’ Struggle …… 5.7% Workers’ Struggle …… 5.7% Revolutionary Communist League …4.25% Revolutionary Communist League …4.25% National Front …..16.9% National Front …..16.9% Communist Party … 3.4% Communist Party … 3.4% National Republican Movement …. 2.3% National Republican Movement …. 2.3% Party of the Workers….5% Party of the Workers….5% TOTAL……………………………………35+% TOTAL……………………………………35+%

Protest Against What? 1. Immigration and Unemployment. 1. Immigration and Unemployment. 2. Globalization & Urban Insecurity. 2. Globalization & Urban Insecurity. 3. Parliamentary Democracy. 3. Parliamentary Democracy. 4. Social Injustice & lack of opportunity. 4. Social Injustice & lack of opportunity. 5. Loss of an intimate rural society & decline of rural values. [Hunting, Fishing = +5%], loss of social simplicity. 5. Loss of an intimate rural society & decline of rural values. [Hunting, Fishing = +5%], loss of social simplicity.

Round 1: Presidential Electorate = 44.5 million Electorate = 44.5 million Turnout = 85% Turnout = 85% 1. Nicholas Sarkozy, 30.8%, 11.5 m 1. Nicholas Sarkozy, 30.8%, 11.5 m 2. Segolene Royal, 25.3%, 9.5 m 2. Segolene Royal, 25.3%, 9.5 m 3. Francois Bayreu, 18.6%, 6.8m 3. Francois Bayreu, 18.6%, 6.8m 4. Jean-Marie Le Pen, 10.4%, 3.8m 4. Jean-Marie Le Pen, 10.4%, 3.8m

Other Candidates Olivier Besancenot, Revolutionary Communist League; 4.1%, 1.5m Olivier Besancenot, Revolutionary Communist League; 4.1%, 1.5m Philippe de Villiers, Movement for France (far right); 2.2%, 819,000 Philippe de Villiers, Movement for France (far right); 2.2%, 819,000 Arlette Laguiller, Workers’ Struggle; 1.33%, 488,000 Arlette Laguiller, Workers’ Struggle; 1.33%, 488,000 Marie-George Buffet, Communist; 1.93%, 707,000 Marie-George Buffet, Communist; 1.93%, 707,000

Other Candidates (2) Frederic Nihous, Hunting Fishing, Nature, Tradition; 1.15%, 421,000 Frederic Nihous, Hunting Fishing, Nature, Tradition; 1.15%, 421,000 Dominique Voynet, Greens; 1.57%, 577,000 Dominique Voynet, Greens; 1.57%, 577,000 Jose Bove, Anti-Globalization; 1.32%, 483,000 Jose Bove, Anti-Globalization; 1.32%, 483,000 Gerard Schivardi, Workers’ Party; 0.34%, 124,000 Gerard Schivardi, Workers’ Party; 0.34%, 124,000

Round 2 Result Turnout = 85%, 36M votes cast. Turnout = 85%, 36M votes cast. Nicholas Sarkozy, 53 %, 19M votes Nicholas Sarkozy, 53 %, 19M votes Segolene Royal, 47%, 16,800,000 votes Segolene Royal, 47%, 16,800,000 votes Implications: The “social model” vs. the “Anglo-Saxon model.” Implications: The “social model” vs. the “Anglo-Saxon model.”

Parliamentary Election: Round 1 UMP: 10,300,000, 39.5%; +6.25%; 99 seats; UMP: 10,300,000, 39.5%; +6.25%; 99 seats; PS: 6,436,000; 24.75%; +.062; 1 seat; PS: 6,436,000; 24.75%; +.062; 1 seat; MoDem (formerly UDF); 1,981,000; 7.6%; +2.75%; 0 MoDem (formerly UDF); 1,981,000; 7.6%; +2.75%; 0 FN: 1,116,000; 4.3%; -7.5%; 0; FN: 1,116,000; 4.3%; -7.5%; 0; PCF: 1,116,000; 4.3%; -0.5%; PCF: 1,116,000; 4.3%; -0.5%; LO + LCR; 890,000; 3.4%; +0.6%; LO + LCR; 890,000; 3.4%; +0.6%; Greens: 846,000; 3.25%; -1.25%; Greens: 846,000; 3.25%; -1.25%;

Parliamentary Election, Round 2 UPM, 314 seats, loss of 45. UPM, 314 seats, loss of 45. Socialists, 185 seats, gain of 36. Socialists, 185 seats, gain of 36. MoDem UDF), 3 seats, loss of 29. MoDem UDF), 3 seats, loss of 29. Communist Party, 15 seats, loss of 6. Communist Party, 15 seats, loss of 6. National Front, 0 seats. National Front, 0 seats. Greens, 4 seats. Greens, 4 seats. Left Radicals, 7 seats. Left Radicals, 7 seats.

Sièges Communiste15 Divers gauche15 Socialiste185 Radical de gauche7 Les Verts4 Régionaliste1 Ecologiste0 Divers1 UDF- Mouvement Démocrate3 Majorité présidentielle22 Union pour un Mouvement Populaire314 Divers droite9 Mouvement pour la France1 Front national 0