AP World History Unit 5

 A dynastic system for two thousand years. ◦ Hierarchical system.  Virtually becomes a colony in ◦ Isolation. ◦ Britain defeated China.  Forced it to open trade and exempt British citizens from Chinese laws. ◦ Manchu government defeated and gave into similar demands from other European countries and the United States.

 Sun Yat-sen ◦ Influenced by Western ideas. ◦ Wanted a modern and democratic government.  In 1911, soldiers rebelled against the dynastic leaders.  Sun Yat-sen failed to create a western- style democracy in China. ◦ Resulted in a period of disorder with warlords and military generals fighting to control various provinces in China.

 Civil War ◦ General Chiang Kai-shek, leader of the Nationalist Party, established himself president.  Civil war still continued.  Mao Zedong gets power. ◦ Wins support of peasants by collecting land from landlords and redistributing it to poor peasants. ◦ Mao leads the Long March.  90,000 communist supporters over thousands of miles.  6,000 marchers survived.

 From 1937–1949 Chiang Kai- shek and Mao unite armies their armies to defeat the Japanese who occupied China. ◦ Peoples Liberation Army.  Japanese defeated in WWII.

 Civil War resumes. ◦ Nationalists vs. PLA  Chiang Kai-shek and Nationalist supporters flee to Taiwan.  October 1, 1949, Mao declares China a communist “People’s Republic of China”  Mao says peasants share all the land

 China asks for advice about economic modernization.  China builds large factories and complex machines.  Mao dismisses further Soviet assistance. ◦ He wants China to move more quickly toward socialism.

 Mao mobilized large masses of people to modernize China. ◦ Construction of dams, reservoirs, railroads, etc.  People gave up their land, so there was no private property.

 Organized China into communes where people lived together.  Ordered people to study communist values and rid themselves of improper thoughts. ◦ No anti-communist thoughts.

 Plan failed.  There wasn’t equality.  Former landowners publicly “denounced”.  Limited effects of call for steel production.  Corrupt officials.  Hundreds of thousands of people died of starvation.

 Communist leaders wanted to focus on rebuilding the economy.  Mao worried that people would become concerned with making money. ◦ This was a capitalist thought. ◦ Threat to socialism.

 Mao wanted to get rid of the “Four Olds”. 1.old ideas. 2.old culture. 3.old customs. 4.old habits.  Many Communist Party officials opposed Mao’s ideas.

 Mao turned to young people to bring back the “culture of revolution”. ◦ Red Guard.  Humiliated, imprisoned, beat, and killed thousands of “enemies” of the revolution. ◦ Educated people, teachers, city dwellers, corrupt Communist Officials.  Anyone rumored to be corrupt.

 Red Guard traveled the country raiding homes, museums, and historical monuments, destroying anything associated with the Four Olds.

 Military and police ordered not to interfere with the Red Guards.  Communist leaders lost control of the Cultural Revolution. ◦ Called on the Red Guard to disband.

 Mao dies in  Who will run the country?

 Mao’s wife, Jiang Qing and three colleagues gain power. ◦ Gang of Four.  Gang of Four is arrested for trying to overthrow the government and causing the deaths of 34,000 people during the cultural revolution.

 In Deng Xiaoping becomes leader of China. ◦ He disagreed with Mao and had been dismissed from his official position.  Deng shifts focus on economic reform. ◦ Some privately owned farm land. ◦ Four Modernizations: 1.Science 2.Industry 3.Technology 4.Defense

 Students protest and demanded political reforms. ◦ Want freedom of press and democracy.  Deng sends the military in. ◦ They killed 700 – 3,000 students, other protesters and bystanders

 Create a chart comparing Sun Yat-sen and Mao Zedong’s view of The Chinese Revolution.  This is not a graded assignment, but will appear in a related question on Quiz #9.