Background before studying Minerals and Rocks gYY gYY lhQ lhQ

Elements A substance made entirely of 1 type of kind of atom Main IdeaSupporting detail

COMPOUNDS Compounds are 2 or more different elements that have been chemically combined Note : and 2 elements joined together form a structure called a molecule H2O2H2O2 H2OH2O molecule of 2 Hydrogen atoms H = element molecule A molecule made of 2 hydrogen and 1 oxygen Atom – compound molecule Main idea Supporting details

4 Qualities all minerals must have: 1. ## Naturally occurring – they are formed in nature they are NOT made by humans * Diamonds and other gems can be made in nature but they can also be created in labs but they are not minerals because humans have made them. Main IdeaSupporting detail

2. ## Solid - most minerals are solids minerals have a fixed, ridged shape and volume (they take up space) Main Idea Supporting detail 4 Qualities of minerals

3. ## Have a definite crystal structure –atoms line up in a regular, repeating pattern. Main Idea Supporting detail 4 qualities of Minerals:

4. ## A fixed chemical composition – Always contains certain elements in the same proportion. They have a chemical formula. – Au = gold – H 2 O = water – H 2 O 2 = hydrogen peroxide – C 6 H 12 O 6 = sugar – Most minerals are compounds, (2 or more different elements chemically joined). Main Idea Supporting Idea 4 qualities of minerals

Qualities of Minerals: Review All minerals must: – Solid – Occur naturally in nature and are not man made – Crystal structure – Definite chemical composition which is usually a compound

Create or re-draw you circle map – remember circle maps are used to define terms in Context or for brainstorming ideas in writing Write a definition for a MINERAL use a complete sentence MINERAL

Minerals are classified into groups based on composition 1.Silicates – form most of the Earth’s rocks 2.Oxides – form from metals and oxygen 3.Carbonates – form from the elements Carbon and oxygen 4.Native elements – copper, gold and sliver ***The grouping names are usually based on elements but occasionally compounds*** Main idea Supporting Details