Reaction Yield Lesson 6. Increasing the Yield of a Reaction The yield is the amount of products. The greater the yield the more products there are at.

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Reaction Yield Lesson 6

Increasing the Yield of a Reaction The yield is the amount of products. The greater the yield the more products there are at equilibrium Chemists use LeChatelier’s Principle to maximize the equilibrium yield for a reaction. High Yield reactants products

Increasing the Yield of a Reaction The yield is the amount of products. The greater the yield the more products there are at equilibrium Chemists use LeChatelier’s Principle to maximize the equilibrium yield for a reaction. Low Yield reactants products

The Haber Process is used to make ammonia. N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) ⇌ 2NH 3(g) + energy To ensure a high yield

The Haber Process is used to make ammonia. N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) ⇌ 2NH 3(g) + energy To ensure a high yield low temperature

The Haber Process is used to make ammonia. 42 N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) ⇌ 2NH 3(g) + energy To ensure a high yield low temperature

The Haber Process is used to make ammonia. 42 N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) ⇌ 2NH 3(g) + energy To ensure a high yield low temperature high pressure

The Haber Process is used to make ammonia. 42 N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) ⇌ 2NH 3(g) + energy To ensure a high yield low temperature high pressure remove NH 3

The Haber Process is used to make ammonia. 42 N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) ⇌ 2NH 3(g) + energy To ensure a high yield low temperature high pressure remove NH 3 add N 2 and H 2

The Haber Process is used to make ammonia. N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) ⇌ 2NH 3(g) + energy To ensure a reasonable rate

The Haber Process is used to make ammonia. N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) ⇌ 2NH 3(g) + energy To ensure a reasonable rate high temperature

The Haber Process is used to make ammonia. N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) ⇌ 2NH 3(g) + energy To ensure a reasonable rate high temperature catalysts Os & Ur

The Haber Process is used to make ammonia. N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) ⇌ 2NH 3(g) + energy To ensure a reasonable rate high temperature catalysts Os & Ur add N 2 & H 2

The Haber Process is used to make ammonia. N 2(g) + 3H 2(g) ⇌ 2NH 3(g) + energy To ensure a reasonable rate high temperature- 500 o C catalysts Os & Ur add N 2 & H 2 high pressure

N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ Describe four ways of increasing the yield.

N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ Describe four ways of increasing the yield. low temperature

12 N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ Describe four ways of increasing the yield. low temperature

12 N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ Describe four ways of increasing the yield. low temperature low pressure

12 N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ Describe four ways of increasing the yield. low temperature low pressure add N 2 O 4 remove NO 2

12 N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ Describe four ways of increasing the rate.

12 N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ Describe four ways of increasing the rate. high temperature

12 N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ Describe four ways of increasing the rate. high temperature add a catalyst

12 N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ Describe four ways of increasing the rate. high temperature add a catalyst high pressure

12 N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ Describe four ways of increasing the rate. high temperature add a catalyst high pressure add N 2 O 4

Know the difference between Rate and Yield! Rate is how fast you get to equilibrium. Yield is the amount of product relative to reactants at equilibrium. reactants products

1.What conditions will produce the greatest yield? P 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2PO 2(g) ∆H = -28 kJ A.high temperature & high pressure B.low temperature & low pressure C.high temperature & low pressure D.low temperature & high pressure

1.What conditions will produce the greatest yield? P 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2PO 2(g) + 28kJ A.high temperature & high pressure B.low temperature & low pressure C.high temperature & low pressure D.low temperature & high pressure

1.What conditions will produce the greatest yield? P 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2PO 2(g) + 28kJ A.high temperature & high pressure B.low temperature & low pressure C.high temperature & low pressure D.low temperature & high pressure

2.What conditions will produce the greatest rate? Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) → H 2(g) + ZnCl 2(aq) A.high Zn surface area, low [HCl], low temperature B.low Zn surface area, high [HCl], high temperature C.high Zn surface area, high [HCl], high temperature D.high Zn surface area, high [HCl], low temperature

2.What conditions will produce the greatest rate? Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) → H 2(g) + ZnCl 2(aq) A.high Zn surface area, low [HCl], low temperature B.low Zn surface area, high [HCl], high temperature C.high Zn surface area, high [HCl], high temperature D.high Zn surface area, high [HCl], low temperature

3.What increases the rate? Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) → H 2(g) + ZnCl 2(aq) A.removing H 2 B.removing ZnCl 2(aq) C.lowering pressure D.adding HCl

3.What increases the rate? Zn (s) + 2HCl (aq) → H 2(g) + ZnCl 2(aq) A.removing H 2 B.removing ZnCl 2(aq) C.lowering pressure D.adding HCl

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 1. Increase Temperature [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ]

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 1. Increase Temperature [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ]

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 1. Increase Temperature [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ]

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 1. Increase Temperature [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ] 2x

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 1. Increase Temperature [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ] 2x x

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 2. Decrease Volume [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ]

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 2. Decrease Volume- all concentrations go up! [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ]

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 2. Decrease Volume- all concentrations + pressure goes up! [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ]

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 2. Decrease Volume- all concentrations + pressure goes up! [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ]

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 2. Decrease Volume- all concentrations + pressure goes up! [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ]

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 2. Decrease Volume- all concentrations + pressure goes up! [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ] 2x x

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 3. Adding N 2 O 4 [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ]

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 3. Adding N 2 O 4 [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ]

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 3. Adding N 2 O 4 [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ] x

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 3. Adding N 2 O 4 [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ] 2x x

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 4. Removing NO 2 [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ]

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 4. Removing NO 2 [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ]

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 4. Removing NO 2 [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ]

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 4. Removing NO 2 [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ]

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 4. Removing NO 2 [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ] 2x

Graphing Equilibrium N 2 O 4(g) ⇋ 2NO 2(g) + 59 KJ 4. Removing NO 2 [N 2 O 4 ] [NO 2 ] 2x x