LaunchingaNew Republic 1789through1800 Washington’s Presidency The President and the Congress begin to set up the new government

Washington takes office 1.George Washington is inaugurated in New York City, the nation’s first capital, on April 30, Washington was unanimously chosen by the electoral college. 3.Washington’s vice president was John Adams. 4.Washington knows every action he takes as president will be a precedent set for others. 5.Congress agrees to call Washington “Mr. President.”

1st1st George Washington is Inaugurated as President of the U.S. at Federal Hall,NewNew YorkononAprilApril30,1789

Settingupthecourts JohnJay Congress passes the Federal Judiciary Act 1789 This act gave a supreme court six members – 1 Chief Justice: John Jay – 5 associate justices It also provides for lower federal courts – District courts – Circuit courts

Washington’s cabinet Secretary ofWarWarHenry Knox Congress creates three departments to help the president: War Department - oversees the nation’s defense, Secretary of War Henry Knox State Department - oversees diplomatic relations with other nations, Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson Treasury department - manages the U. S. finances, Secretary of Treasury Alexander Hamilton Attorney General - gives legal advice, Edmund Randolph Postmaster general - Samuel Osgood Secretary of State Thomas Jefferson 3.

Economic problems By 1789 the US had a huge national debt of $52 million The US must pay back debt to gain the respect of other countries Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan shows his belief in: Secretary of Treasury AlexanderHamiltonHamilton –––– Strong central government Government encouraging business, industry Pay debt to nations wealthy, gain their support for government

Hamilton’sfinancialplanplan Bonds-the government borrows from its private citizens and gives them a paper promising to repay the loan at a certain time with interest Speculator-person who bought bonds at a low price from people who thought the government would not pay Alexander Hamilton proposes a three-step financial plan to Congress 1.1. Pay off all war debt Buy up all the old national bonds issued before 1789 Buy up all the state bonds (86m)

Hamilton’sfinancialplanplan 2.2. Raise government revenues Impose tariffs (tax) on imports Raises money for US government Encourage growth of US industry Encourage people to buy American goods

Hamilton’sfinancialplanplan 3. Create a national bank Safe for government investments Bank makes loans to businesses Bank issue money

OppositiontotoHamilton’splan Led by James Madison & Thomas Jefferson Many Southern states had paid off their debt and did not want to pay off northern states debts also Southerners thought that northern speculators would get rich by buying up bonds Southern states did not like a tariff because they had few factories and this meant they would pay higher prices for goods..

Compromise If the Southerners voted for Hamilton’s plan he would push for a national capital in the South 1790 Hamilton’s financial plan is approved and the national capital is moved to an area between Maryland and Virginia along the Potomac River called the district of Columbia

InterpretingtheConstitution Thomas Jefferson and James Madison argued that the National Bank was unconstitutional They claimed the Constitution does not allow a national bank Alexander Hamilton had a more flexible interpretation of the Constitution Hamilton claims the elastic clause in the constitution, “necessary and proper”, gave Congress the power for Hamilton persuades Washington to approve the National Bank in 1791

Politics in an Age of Passion Political Parties The Whiskey Rebellion

Politics in an Age of Passion The Republican Party

1792 Election Results (16 states in the Union) George WashingtonVirginiaFederalist % John AdamsMassachusetts Federalist % George ClintonNew YorkDemocratic- Republican % Thomas JeffersonVirginiaDemocratic- Republican 43.0% Aaron BurrNew YorkFederalist10.7% Electoral Votes Not Cast % Total Number of Electors132 Total Electoral Votes Cast264 Number of Votes for a Majority 67

1792 Election Results

1796 Election Results (16 states in the Union) John AdamsMassachusettsFederalist7151.4% Thomas JeffersonVirginiaDemocratic- Republican % Thomas PinckneySouth CarolinaFederalist5942.8% Aaron BurrNew YorkDemocratic- Republican % Samuel AdamsMassachusettsFederalist1510.9% Oliver EllsworthConnecticutFederalist118.0% George ClintonNew YorkDemocratic- Republican 75.1% Other % Total Number of Electors138 Total Electoral Votes Cast276 Number of Votes for a Majority 70

1796 Election Results AdamsJefferson

The Adams Presidency The “Reign of Witches” The Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions

1800 Election Results (16 states in the Union) Thomas JeffersonVirginia Democratic- Republican % Aaron BurrNew York Democratic- Republican % John AdamsMassachusettsFederalist6547.1% Charles PinckneySouth CarolinaFederalist6446.4% John JayNew YorkFederalist 1 0.7% Total Number of Electors138 Total Electoral Votes Cast276 Number of Votes for a Majority 70

1800 Election Results AdamsJefferson

1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)  1 vote for each State  1800 Election Results (Into the House of Representatives!!)  1 vote for each State  Thomas JeffersonVirginiaDemocratic-Republican1062.5% Aaron BurrNew YorkDemocratic-Republican 425.0% Blank %

The Adams Presidency Slavery and Politics

The Adams Presidency The Haitian Revolution Gabriel’s Rebellion (aka Prosser’s Rebellion)

Jefferson in Power Judicial Review

Jefferson in Power The Louisiana Purchase

Give Me Liberty!: An American history, 3rd Edition Copyright © 2011 W.W. Norton & Company Map 8.2 The Louisiana Purchase