Henry Clay’s plan to make economy self- sufficientHenry Clay’s plan to make economy self- sufficient Protective tariffProtective tariff –Protect American business from foreign competition National bankNational bank –Promote a single national currency Internal improvementsInternal improvements –Gov’t funded projects –Focus on the transportation

1825 – 1850: often referred to as the Age of Canals 1825 – 1850: often referred to as the Age of Canals Allowed farmers in these regions to flow east & people/manufactured goods to go west By 1830, N.Y.C. had a population of over 200,000 “Let us bind the Republic together with a perfect system of road and canals” -John C Calhoun (Rep-SC)

Railroads & Expansion Development began in the 1830’s First locomotive built in 1830, 30 miles of track in US 3,000 miles of railroad in ,000 miles of railroad by 1860 Important for industrialization & urbanization Top Urban Places: New York city, NY , Baltimore city, MD ,620 3 Philadelphia city, PA. 80,462 4 Boston city, MA ,392 5 New Orleans city, LA.. 46,082 6 Charleston city, SC ,289 8 Cincinnati city, OH ,831 9 Albany city, NY , Washington city, DC...18, Providence town, RI... 16, Richmond city, VA , Pittsburgh city, PA... 12, Brooklyn town, NY , Louisville city, KY.. 10, Buffalo town, NY.... 8, Savannah city, GA.... 7, Lowell town, MA , Cambridge town, MA... 6,072 (Suburb of Boston) 48 Lexington town, KY... 6, Nashville city, TN... 5, St. Louis city, MO... 4,977 Top Urban Places: New York city, NY ,930,446 2 Chicago city, IL ,376,438 3 Philadelphia city, PA.... 1,950,961 4 Detroit city, MI ,568,662 5 Los Angeles city, CA ,238,048 6 Cleveland city, OH ,429 7 St. Louis city, MO ,960 8 Baltimore city, MD ,874 9 Boston city, MA , Pittsburgh city, PA , San Francisco city, CA... 34, Milwaukee city, WI , Buffalo city, NY , Washington city, DC , Minneapolis city, MN , New Orleans city, LA , Cincinnati city, OH , Newark city, NJ , Kansas City city, MO , Seattle city, WA , Indianapolis city, IN , Rochester city, NY , Jersey City city, NJ , Louisville city, KY , Portland city, OR ,815

Federalists are almost non-existent Democratic–Republicans were the only viable party Political differences fade away –Sense of Nationalism spread throughout the country –More trust in the federal government

Adams-On í s Treaty, 1819 Secretary of State John Quincy Adams successfully negotiated terms Andrew Jackson invaded FL to stop Seminole raids in American territory Jackson seized Spanish forts & created international issues Stopped war & gave U.S. all of Florida & set boundary of TX

Missouri applied for statehood in 1817, but issue of the expansion of slavery caused great debate Would slavery be allowed to expand into the new territories? Speaker of the House, Henry Clay, helped negotiate a compromise