11 Emily Kelly Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego Russell Sparks.

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Presentation transcript:

11 Emily Kelly Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego Russell Sparks Division of Aquatic Resources, Hawaii Department of Land and Natural Resources Ivor Williams Coral Reef Ecosystem Division, National Marine Fisheries Service, NOAA Jennifer Smith Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation, Scripps Institution of Oceanography, University of California San Diego Herbivore Enhancement as a Tool for Reef Restoration

How can we help restore reefs that have undergone or are undergoing a coral to algal phase shift? Can we develop management strategies to reduce algal abundance and facilitate coral recovery?

Eric Brown, CRAMP, DAR and HCRI 2008

How much of algal production is being consumed? By whom? What are targets for herbivore species and biomass for the future? Can we balance the budget? Evaluation of the success of the Kahekili Herbivore Fisheries Management Area (KHFMA)

Can we balance the budget? Benthic community composition Standing stock of algae Growth rates of dominant algae Abundance/biom ass of herbivores Consumption rates of herbivores on different algae Daily production Daily consumption / =

Benthic community composition Standing stock of algae Growth rates of dominant algae Abundance/biom ass of herbivores Consumption rates of herbivores on different algae Daily production Daily consumption Benthic community composition Standing stock of algae Growth rates of dominant algae Daily production

Benthic composition

Standing stock biomass Algal growth macroalgae turf

/ = Benthic community composition Standing stock of algae Growth rates of dominant algae Abundance/biom ass of herbivores Consumption rates of herbivores on different algae Daily production Daily consumption Benthic community composition Standing stock of algae Growth rates of dominant algae Daily production Turf: g / m 2 Macro: g / m 2 Turf: 3.77 g/m 2 /d Macro:.14 g/g/d Turf: 45.57% Macro: 4.72% Turf: 1.72 g / m 2 / d Macro: 1.89 g / m 2 / d

/ = Turf: g / m 2 Macro: g / m 2 Turf: 3.77 g/m 2 /d Macro:.14 g/g/d Turf: 45.57% Macro: 4.72% Turf: 1.72 g / m 2 / d Macro: 1.89 g / m 2 / d Benthic community composition Standing stock of algae Growth rates of dominant algae Abundance/biom ass of herbivores Consumption rates of herbivores on different algae Daily production Daily consumption Abundance/biom ass of herbivores Consumption rates of herbivores on different algae Daily consumption

Fish biomass

Fish consumption Photo: Don McLeish

/ = Turf: g / m 2 Macro: g / m 2 Turf: 3.77 g/m 2 /d Macro:.14 g/g/d Turf: 45.57% Macro: 4.72% Turf: 1.72 g / m 2 / d Macro: 1.89 g / m 2 / d Benthic community composition Standing stock of algae Growth rates of dominant algae Abundance/biom ass of herbivores Consumption rates of herbivores on different algae Daily production Daily consumption Abundance/biom ass of herbivores Consumption rates of herbivores on different algae Daily consumption Turf: 8.68 bites / min / g herb Macro: 0.36 bites / min / g herb Total biomass: g / m 2 Turf: 1.60 g / m 2 / d Macro: 0.47 g / m 2 / d

Benthic community composition Standing stock of algae Growth rates of dominant algae Abundance/biom ass of herbivores Consumption rates of herbivores on different algae Daily production Daily consumption > Consumption: 2.07 g/m 2 /day Algae production: 3.62 g/m 2 /day Turf: g / m 2 Macro: g / m 2 Turf: 3.77 g/m 2 /d Macro:.14 g/g/d Turf: 45.57% Macro: 4.72% Turf: 8.68 bites / min / g herb Macro: 0.36 bites / min / g herb Total biomass: g / m 2

Benthic community composition Standing stock of algae Growth rates of dominant algae Abundance/biom ass of herbivores Consumption rates of herbivores on different algae Daily production Daily consumption > Consumption: 2.07 g/m 2 /day Algae production: 3.62 g/m 2 /day Different species of herbivores have difference preferences for macroalgae, which can be targeted for a given reef All species dominantly graze turf algae Increasing biomass over time may shift the balance of production and consumption Conclusions

Emily will be at the Coral Reef Systems booth Wednesday 12:30-4:30

Mahalo / Thank you Funding provided by: Center for Marine Biodiversity and Conservation NSF IGERT Hawaii Coral Reef Initiative Edna Bailey Sussman Foundation Fellowship Explorer’s Fund, Explorers Club Women Divers Hall of Fame Conservation Scholarship WWW Foundation / The Rhodes Family Ursula and David Fairchild Eloise and Russ Duff Elaine Antoniuk Thank you: Smith Lab Sandin Lab Coral Reef Systems Meghan Dailer, UH Darla White, DAR Penny Dockry Currie Saray Dugas Aaron Hartmann Mariana Luna Molly Gleason Samantha Clements Kevin Moses