Launching a New Republic, 1789 – 1800

Washington’s Presidency The leaders of the new nation face the challenges of establishing a strong economy and a stable, democratic government.

Washington Takes Office George Washington inaugurated, sworn in, as 1st U.S. President (1789) John Adams, first vice-president Washington knows every action as president will set a precedent Congress agrees to call Washington “Mr. President”

Setting Up the Courts Congress passes the Federal Judiciary Act (1789) Gives Supreme Court six members 1 Chief Justice or Judge 5 Associate Judges The number of Judges later grows to nine Act also provides for lower federal courts John Jay is named Chief Justice

Washington’s Cabinet Congress creates 3 departments to help the president: –War department –State department –Treasury department Heads of departments are president’s cabinet

Secretary of State Secretary of State, Thomas Jefferson, oversees diplomatic relations

Secretary of War Secretary of War, Henry Knox, Oversees the nation’s defense

Attorney General Attorney general, Edmund Randolf, gives legal advice

Secretary of Treasury Secretary of the Treasury, Alexander Hamilton, manages U.S. finances

FOR UNDERSTANDING

______ was inaugurated as president on April 30, ) Thomas Paine 2) John Adams 3) George Washington 4) Alexander Hamilton

______ of Massachusetts became Washington’s Vice President. 1) John Adams 2) Alexander Hamilton 3) Thomas Jefferson 4) John Jay

In 1789, Congress passed the_______ which established the federal court system Administration of Justice Act 2. 2.Department of Justice 3. 3.Supreme Court 4. 4.Judiciary Act

The Supreme Court of 1789 was characterized by: 1) Eight associate justices 2) Nine Federal Court justices and one chief justice. 3) Three Supreme Court justices. 4) Five associate justices and one chief justice.

______ was appointed by Washington as the Supreme Court’s first chief justice. 1) John Adams 2) James Madison 3) John Jay 4) Henry Knox

The heads of departments are known as the president’s… 1. Kitchen sink 2. Closet 3. Cabinet 4. Committee

Washington’s secretary of war was ______. 1) Henry Knox 2) Thomas Jefferson 3) John Jay 4) Edmond Randolph

Washington’s secretary of state was ______. 1) Edmond Randolph 2) Alexander Hamilton 3) John Knox 4) Thomas Jefferson

Washington’s attorney general was ______. 1) Edmond Randolph 2) Thomas Jefferson 3) John Jay 4) Alexander Hamilton

Washington’s secretary of the treasury was ______. 1) Edmond Randolph 2) John Knox 3) Alexander Hamilton 4) John Jay

Economic Problems By 1789, U.S. has a huge national debt - $52 million U.S. must pay debt to gain respect of other countries

Hamilton’s Plan Alexander Hamilton’s financial plan shows his belief in: –A strong central government –Government encouraging business, industry –Pay debt to nation’s wealth, gain their support for government

Hamilton’s Financial Plan Alexander Hamilton proposes 3 step financial plan to Congress (1790) –Pay off all war debts –Raise government revenues –Create a national bank

Problems and Solutions Many southern states have paid war debts, northern states have not To gain southern support, U.S. agrees to place capital in South

Hamilton’s financial plan continued Hamilton supports tariffs (tax on imported goods) because: –Raises money for U.S. government –Encourages growth of U.S. industry –Encourages people to buy American goods

Hamilton calls for National bank, safe for government investments Bank would make loans to businesses, issue bank notes

Interpreting the Constitution Thomas Jefferson, James Madison against a national bank Claim that the Constitution does not allow for a national bank Thomas Jefferson has a strict interpretation of the Constitution

Alexander Hamilton has a flexible or loose interpretation of Constitution Claims Congress has power to set up bank George Washington approves a national bank (1791)

FOR UNDERSTANDING

Hamilton proposed raising money by placing a tax, called a ______, on imported goods. 1) duty 2) tariff 3) ratification 4) debt

Alexander Hamilton had a _____ interpretation of the Constitution. 1. Weak 2. Expensive 3. Faulty. 4. Loose

Thomas Jefferson had a _____ interpretation of the Constitution. 1. Weak 2. Expensive 3. Strict 4. Faulty

One of the ways that the national government raised money was byOne of the ways that the national government raised money was by 1.putting a tariff on goods imported from other countries. 2.Income tax 3.Selling land acquired after the Revolution 4.Borrowing money from other countries