By: Matt, Ivan, Chris, Gideon, and Brent

 As with the Ekati Diamond Mine in North-Eastern NWT, one of the biggest problems is that many mines are very far from most roads.

 Another problem is that eventually a mine will reach its “economic depth”. That is when it becomes economically unfeasible to continue mining. Some mines, including the Ekati Mine, then begin underground mining operations.  Other problems include shortages of equipment, people, supplies, ect.

 What is sustainable development?  Sustainable Development when an industry moves towards being more sustainable, so that they can be used by future generations. This is all done so that the environment can remain healthy.  How does this apply to mining in Canada?  Because Canada is a large contributor in the world of mining, we mine a lot. Unfortunately this usually destroys the environment surrounding the mine. Canadian Mining companies must plan carefully before any mining operations. Mining can be a very destructive industry and all measures must be taken to avoid this.

Sustainable Development - any construction that can be maintained over time without damaging the environment; development balancing near-term interests with the protection of the interests of future generations. (Dictionary.com) This applies to the mining industry because today we do a lot of mining for ourselves. We mine things like nickel, silver, copper, gold, zinc, coal etc. and use it for many things in our lives. If we don’t sustain the development of mining or over mine, these resources may not be available for future generations. It doesn’t mean we cannot mine, we just need to mindful of how much we do in order to share it with people in the future. While doing this it also helps the environment. For example; nickel is estimated to be non-existent by 2048 (Natural Resources Canada). We can extend this time by keeping track of how much nickel we mine and use.

Milling is taken part in the area of the mine. Milling is the process of separating the waste and the mineral so miners only get the mineral that they want To get the two materials apart, the dirt goes through a processing plant at the mine It uses crushing, separating, filtering and drying to get the ore.

There are three processes of smelting Roasting: It is where they take out the carbon and sulfur out of the ore. Reduction: It is in a very high temperature furnace which takes out the final oxygen atoms and it makes the element turn in to a metal.  The last step is Fluxes They put chemicals together so the element turn in to a metal like steel, a gold bar or in to jewellery.

Mine tailings are extremely poisonous waste rock that has been used through the process plant. The tailings are rocks that have no ore in them. Since the process plant uses water, the excess water is poisonous as well. The tailings are stored in a pool of water. The water evaporates eventually and grass grows on it eventually by using fertilizer to help.

It is the outflow of the poisonous water from the tailing pool. It happens when mines are abandoned because in order for the Acid Mine Drainage to happen, the mining crew have to pump out the water so it wouldn’t flood. The pumping stops when it is abandoned and the poisonous water creates rocks since the chemical reaction with the air.

Ivan Zubaryev

Open Pit Mining -Extraction of minerals and rocks in a pit or borrow. -Used when the resource is close to the surface. -Dug on benches which are vertical levels of hole. -Walls of mine are usually angled to ensure safety. -Clay, gold, coal, copper, granite, diamonds, marble limestone.

Underground Mining -Refers to a variety of ways to retrieve hard minerals. -Access using declines, shafts, or adits. -Declines: Spiral tunnels that decline to the bottom. -Shafts: Vertical excavations. -Adits: Horizontal excavations, which goes into the side of the mountain. -Zinc, iron, nickel, tin, lead, gold.

Contributing to acid rain -Sulfur dioxide and oxygen combined producing sulfur trioxide. -Sulfur trioxide can react with water in the atmosphere produce sulfuric acid. -Carbon dioxide and water in the atmosphere creating carbonic acid

By:Gideon

● An ore is a rock that holds minerals. ● Minerals made from ores and called ore minerals ● Ore minerals can be refined to make other elements or metals. ● Ores can be obtained by mining ● Ores are considered as a non-renewable resource because they do not naturally re-form at a rate that makes us able to use them constantly.

● Two major ores minerals are Copper and Quartz. ● Malachite is a ore that contains minerals able to make copper. ● Sandstone is an ore that contains minerals able to make Quartz ● Quartz is used in the making of sandpaper, glass, liquid filters, and jewelry

Goods-producing industries 2010 Agriculture, forestry, fishing and hunting 28,486 Mining and oil and gas extraction 54,967 Manufacturing 158,326 Construction industries 73,467 Utilities 32,624 Statistics Canada –

 Prospecting - searching for minerals on the surface  Staking of a claim - lets everyone know you wish to explore the area staked  Stake a mining claim - when tests show there are valuable minerals present  Detailed exploration - determines if there are enough minerals to mine  Sampling and drilling - core samples are taken to determine area and quantity of mineral(s) Natural Resources Canada -

 Assays- The testing of a metal or ore to determine its ingredients and quality  Crown Land- Land belonging to the state in some parts of the Commonwealth  Jurisdictions- The official power to make legal decisions and judgments  Tills- Boulder clay or other unstratified sediment deposited by melting glaciers or ice sheets  Bulk sampling- A large sample of mineralized rock Dictionary.com