ENGINEERING: It is rocket science!

ICE BREAKER What is the name of the First Space Rocket? A) Europa B) Apollo 11 C) German V2 What year was the first manned mission to the moon, Apollo 11? A) August 6, 1967 B) July 16, 1969 C) June 8, 1970 Height110.6 m (363 ft)Diameter10.1 m (33 ft)Mass3,038,500 kg (6,699,000 lb) Satuurn V Saturn V, was the largest & most powerful launch vehicle? How tall was it? A) 110.6m B) 160.7m C) 104.2m

Movies Fireworks Military Ejection Seat In aircraft, an ejection seat is a system designed to rescue the pilot or other crew of an aircraft (usually military) in an emergency. In most designs, the seat is propelled out of the aircraft by an explosive charge or rocket motor, carrying the pilot with it. The concept of an ejectable escape capsule has also been tried. Once clear of the aircraft, the ejection seat deploys a parachute. Movies Fireworks Military Ejection Seat

To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction Newton’s Third Law: To every action there is an equal and opposite reaction A Fish swimming, its tail pushes on the water, and the water pushes back, thus propelling the fish forwards. A bird flying, Its wings push the air down, and the air keeps the bird aloft by pushing back. Sir Isaac Newton Father of Modern Physics

Hot gas under high pressure is produced by the burning of a rocket fuel in a combustion chamber ACTION REACTION In rockets we use air pressure as the force THRUST

Parts of the Rocket 9 2 3 1 5 7 6 4 8 Body Air (pressurized) Water Air Pump Fin Latch and Trigger Nozzle Launch Pad Nose Cone 9 2 3 1 5 7 6 4 8

What makes it fly?! 1. The COMPRESSED AIR pushes on the water as it tries to expand. 2. The water is pushed downward through the nozzle. 3. When water rushes through the nozzle, it makes THRUST. 4. The thrust pushes the rocket upward into the sky! 5. The fin and the nose cone act together to keep the rocket from tumbling.

Too much water? 1. The rocket runs out of air pressure before all of the water is pushed out. 2. Since the water is no longer being pushed out, the rocket loses THRUST. 3. The rocket and all of the extra water fall to the ground!

Not enough water? 1. The rocket runs out of water before it runs out of AIR PRESSURE. 2. Since there is no more water rushing through the nozzle, the rocket loses THRUST. 3. All of the extra AIR PRESSURE is wasted through the nozzle. 4. The empty bottle coasts for a while, but then falls to the ground. Puhhh!

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STS! http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-103/images/captions/KSC-99PP-1305.html Space Shuttle Discovery, atop the mobile launcher platform and crawler transporter, nears the top of Launch Pad 39B after a 4.2-mile crawl from the Vehicle Assembly Building. At left are the Rotating Service Structure and the Fixed Service Structure, which will enable final preparations of the orbiter, external tank and solid rocket boosters for the STS-103 launch targeted for Dec. 6, 1999, at 2:37 a.m. EST. The mission is a "call-up" due to the need to replace and repair portions of the Hubble Space Telescope. Although Hubble is operating normally and conducting its scientific observations, only three of its six gyroscopes are working properly. Four EVA's are planned to make the necessary repairs and replacements on the telescope. The STS-103 crew members are Commander Curtis L. Brown Jr., Pilot Scott J. Kelly, Steven L. Smith, C. Michael Foale (Ph.D.), John M. Grunsfeld (Ph.D.), and Claude Nicollier of Switzerland and Jean-Frangois Clervoy of France, both with the European Space Agency. (Photo Release Date: 11/13/1999 )

External tank Rocket Boosters

Engine close up http://science.ksc.nasa.gov/shuttle/missions/sts-99/images/captions/KSC-00PP-0223.html A clear blue sky is the perfect setting behind Space Shuttle Endeavour as it hurtles into space. Launch of mission STS-99 occurred at 12:43:40 p.m. EST from Launch Pad 39A with a crew of five aboard: Commander Kevin Kregel, Pilot Dominic Gorie, and Mission Specialists Janet Kavandi, Janice Voss, Mamoru Mohri of Japan and Gerhard Thiele of Germany. Mohri is with the National Space Development Agency (NASDA) of Japan, and Thiele is with the European Space Agency. Known as the Shuttle Radar Topography Mission (SRTM), STS-99 will chart a new course to produce unrivaled 3-D images of the Earth's surface. The result of the SRTM could be close to 1 trillion measurements of the Earth's topography. The mission is expected to last 11days, with Endeavour landing at KSC Tuesday, Feb. 22, at 4:36 p.m. EST. This is the 97th Shuttle flight and 14th for Shuttle Endeavour. (Photo Release Date: 02/11/2000 ) KSC-00PP-0223 - Raw ASCII Text Caption file KSC-00PP-0223 - Low (GIF Format, 320x240 pixels x 256 colors, approx 50 Kbytes) KSC-00PP-0223 - Medium (JPEG format, 1024x768 pixels x 256 colors, approx 250 Kbytes) KSC-00PP-0223 - High (JPEG, 2040x2640 pixels x 16 million colors, approx 400 Kbytes)

An Engineer’s View: Ideal Gas Law Ideal Gas Law Bernoulli’s Equation Describes how gasses compress and expand How hard does the air push on the water? Ideal Gas Law Chemistry Thermodynamics Bernoulli’s Equation Bernoulli’s Equation Describes how fluids flow over and through various shapes Fluid Dynamics Thrust Equation Thrust Equation Calculates the amount of thrust that is produced by a fluid moving through a nozzle Physics Fluid Dynamics

Lets Experiment! Question: What amount of water will make the rocket fly the highest? Procedure: 1. Fill the rocket completely with water. 2. Mount the rocket on the launcher and pump it up to 30 psi. 3. Launch the rocket, and measure the height by measuring the length of fishing line it pulls off the reel. 4. Record the measurement and any observations on the datasheet. 5. Repeat steps 1-4 with the bottle ¾ full, ½ full, ¼ full, and empty.