Facing the four Elements: Developing a Transatlantic Approach to Sustainability DAAD Meeting in New York City Panel II FIRE – HOW WILL WE POWER OUR PLANET? October 28 – 30, 2010

Population Growth - Wiki

Renewable Energy

Water Shortage billion people live without clean drinking water 2.6 billion people lack adequate sanitation (2002, UNICEF/WHO JMP 2004) Source: WaterGAP December 1999

 70% of Earth’s Surface  THE COASTAL POPULATION EXPLOSION - Don Hinrichsen  Overwhelming bulk of humanity - on just 10% of the earth’s land surface - concentrated along or near coasts  55-60% of all Americans now live on or near a coast  200 Mile Economic Exclusive Zone  How to sustain / create ocean wealth responsibly  Huge Untapped Real Estate  Power & Desalination  Aquaculture  Mineral Wealth (Manganese Nodules)  Recreation – Floating Islands etc.  Floating Airports  Sensor Networks / Transportation Oceans Kansai Airport - Wiki

Outline  Problem  Water & Energy Shortage with Population Growth  Solution – Ocean Energy (Wave Energy)  Technology  Business Model  Competitive Analysis  Areas of Expertise  Market and Sales Pitch  Summary

Use Ocean Real Estate e.g. Ocean Sensor Network  Problem – Lacks Power Infrastructure  Solution - Ocean Energy  Infrastructure lacks power to self sustain  Alternate commercial applications likely if power infrastructure available Princeton Ocean Network Navy Ocean Network

Ocean Energies  Tidal  Currents  Offshore Wind  Osmotic Power  Ocean Thermal Energy Conversion (OTEC)  Wave Energy

Tidal Energy SeaGen - world's first commercial tidal generator in Strangford Lough Northern Ireland Dam of the tidal power plant on the estuary of the Rance River, Bretagne, France (240 MW, 1966 )

Ocean Current Energy Hammerfest Strøm AS 2006 Gulfstream Energy Incorporated

Offshore Wind Energy  Energy generation is higher out in the sea - unobstructed by terrain features  Electricity generated is transmitted by undersea cables  Reduced visual pollution - more than 12 miles (19 km) offshore  Better accommodation of fishing and shipping lanes  Allow siting near coastal cities

Osmotic Power - Wiki  Difference in the salt concentration between seawater and river water  Two practical methods – Reverse electrodialysis (RED) Stack of alternating cathode and anode exchange membranes – Pressure retarded osmosis (PRO). The water potential of 26 bars The world's first osmotic plant with capacity of 4 kW was opened by Statraft on 24 November, 2009 in Tofte, Norway

OTEC

Wave Energy  Wave Energy – Scalable Power  Researched in depth from the 70’s Oil Crisis  Time is Right, Technology Available

Ocean Wave Energy  Waves are a concentrated form of wind energy  Waves are formed by winds blowing over the surface of the ocean  Worldwide economically recoverable wave energy resource are in the range of 140 to 750 TWh/yr [ETNWE 2003]  The UK Dept. of Trade and Industry (DTI) predicts 35TW/year by 2025 in UK [VBR 2007] Relative Global Wave Energy Density (kW/m) Source: Wave Energy paper. IMechE, 1991 and European Directory of Renewable Energy (Suppliers and Services) 1991

Outline  Problem – Water & Energy Shortage  Solution – Ocean Energy (Wave Energy)  Technology  Business Model  Competitive Analysis  Areas of Expertise  Market and Sales Pitch  Summary

Wave Energy Converters (WEC)  WEC converts slow moving oscillations in ocean waves to electricity  Problem is how to build a cost effective WEC?  Total Life Cycle Cost includes Design, Fabrication, Deployment & Maintenance  Maintenance is approx. 20% of the total cost of the power produced (Maintenance in Ocean )  UK Wave power electricity prices range from 12p/KWHr to 25p/KWHr. Scaling will see drop in prices [VBR 2007]

Wave Energy Technologies  Evolution WE1.0 –> 2.0 –> 3.0  Floats/Buoys (heave) or Pitching Devices (slope)  Oscillating Water Columns – OWC  Surge Concentrators  TAPCHAN  Passive or Active (Phase Control)  Shallow / Deep Water  Bottom Standing / Floating Devices © Boyle 1996 OWC: Wavegen Pelamis

Outline  Problem – Ocean Power Infrastructure  Solution – Wave Energy  Technology  Business Model  Competitive Analysis  Areas of Expertise  Market and Sales Pitch  Summary

 Wave Energy Technologies Viable  New Marketing Model  Power Stations at Sea. (WE 3.0)  First intent not to push power to shore but consume it where produced (new market)  Distributed Ocean Network  Power, Wireless Communication, Desalination (future)  Power Buoys trade Energy  Sell Floating Power Islands (Increase Network)  Autonomous Revenue Management and Control via wireless communication to shore  Investors own units and monitor and price power Business Model

Outline  Problem – Ocean Power Infrastructure  Solution – Wave Energy  Technology  Business Model  Competitive Analysis  Market and Sales Pitch  Summary and Action Timeline

Competitive Analysis  Key Wave Energy Players (First Movers, 2 nd Gen)  Pelamis, OPT, WaveBob  Time is Right – Global Warming, Carbon Credits  Weakness - Aiming for Power to Shore  Threat - Nuclear  Concept  Use Distributed Scalable Modules  For Power at Sea  Wireless Communication, Desalination (future)  We can beat power from land delivered at sea

Outline  Problem – Ocean Power Infrastructure  Solution – Wave Energy  Technology  Business Model  Competitive Analysis  Areas of Expertise  Market and Sales Pitch  Summary

Areas of Expertise  Hydrodynamics  Offshore Engineering  Turbine / Generators  Power Electronics  Instrumentation  Distributed Controls  Communications

Outline  Problem – Ocean Power Infrastructure  Solution – Wave Energy  Technology  Business Model  Competitive Analysis  Areas of Expertise  Market and Sales Pitch  Summary

Market and Sales Pitch  Market Segments  Navy – Seabasing, Autonomous Coastal Protection  Offshore Industry – Carbon Credits  Fisheries – Pump up nutrient rich water  Oceanography – Instrumentation, Hurricane  Recreation – Artificial Powered Floating Islands  Sales Pitch (Power at Sea – New Market)  Fractional cost of manned battery replacement at sea  Profit Margin High - Multiples of cost to produce energy  Compete with power to land as network scales and excess energy is generated.

Outline  Problem – Ocean Power Infrastructure  Solution – Wave Energy  Technology  Business Model  Competitive Analysis  Market and Sales Pitch  Summary

Summary  Expand Ocean Power Infrastructure  Current Bottleneck  Sustained funding * Eni's Devil's Tower located in 5,610 ft (1,710 m) of water, in the Gulf of Mexico, operated by Royal Dutch Shell was built at a cost of $3 billion  Generate and Sell Power for use at Sea  High Capital Costs (Billions *)  Distributed Development  Create Network incrementally